German

Noun

Kost f ‎(genitive Kost, no plural)

1. meal

Declension

Derived terms

• leichte Kost
• Kost und Logis

Plautdietsch

Noun

Kost f ‎(plural Koste)

1. cost, expense, overhead

Derived terms

• kostboa
• kostfrie

Noun

Kost f ‎(plural Koste)

1. meal
2. room and board

Derived terms

• Kostjelt

Czech

Noun

kost f

1. bone (any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone)
2. (colloquial) girl, woman

Declension

Derived terms

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔst/, [kʰʌsd̥]

Noun

kost c (singular definite kosten, not used in plural form)

1. food (any substance consumed by living organisms to sustain life)
2. diet (food a person or animal consumes, habitual consumption)
3. board (regular meals or the amount paid for them in a place of lodging)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse *kvǫstr, from Middle Low German quast ‎(“brush, tassel”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kost/, [kʰɔsd̥]

Noun

kost c (singular definite kosten, plural indefinite koste)

1. broom, besom
2. brush

Inflection

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɔst
• IPA^(key): /kɔst/

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.

Noun

kost m ‎(plural kosten, diminutive kostje n)

1. cost, price
2. (in the plural) expenses
3. (used absolutely, with definite article) board, livelihood, meals and lodgings
4. food, nourishment

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

kost

1. first-, second- and third-person singular present indicative of kosten
2. imperative of kosten

Anagrams

• kots
• stok

Hungarian

Etymology

kos +‎ -t

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkoʃt]
• Hyphenation: kost

Noun

kost

1. accusative singular of kos

Icelandic

Noun

kost

1. indefinite accusative singular of kostur

Latvian

Etymology

From *kansti, from Proto-Baltic *kond-t(e)i, from an ablauted form *kond- of Proto-Indo-European *ken- ‎(“to rub, to scratch, to scrape”) (whence also kniest ‎(“to itch”), q.v.) with an extra -d. Cognates include Lithuanian ką́sti, Proto-Slavic *kǫdsъ (Old Church Slavonic кѫсъ ‎(kǫsŭ), Russian кус ‎(kus, “mouthful”), кусать ‎(kusát’, “to bite, to sting”), Bulgarian късам ‎(kǎ́sam, “to bite, to sting”), Czech kousati, Polish kąsać ‎(“to bite, to sting”)), Sanskrit खादति ‎(khā́dati, “to bite, to eat”), Ancient Greek κνώδοντες ‎(knṓdontes, “metal teeth on sword”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kuôst]

Verb

kost tr., 1st conj., pres. kožu, kod, kož, past kodu

1. to bite, to take a bite (to use one's teeth to press, to cut off a piece of something)

   kost maizes kumosu‎ ― to bite (off) a mouthfull of bread

   kost riekstu‎ ― to bite a nut, to break its shell with one's teeth

   kost auklu, diegu ar zobiem‎ ― to bite (= cut) a string, a cord with (one's) teeth

   desu koda, Pāvils no viena gala, Roberts no otra‎ ― they bit the sausage, Pāvils from one end, Roberts from the other

   Baiba kož maizi pa mazam gabaliņam, lai ilgāk pietiktu‎ ― Baiba bites the bread in small bites, so that it lasts longer

   smeikli kaklu nelauzīs, bez zobiem riekstu nekodīs‎ ― laughter won't break (one's) neck, without teeth (one) won't bite (= break open) a nut

2. to bite in (to press, to sink one's teeth into something)

   kost tomātā, ābolā‎ ― to bite (in) a tomato, an apple

   Andris kāri kož biezajā sviestmaizē‎ ― Andris bit (in) the thick sandwich with appetite

3. to bite, to chew (to reduce (usually food) to pieces with one's teeth)

   Julcīte savu cukura gabaliņu iemet mutē un kož kraukšķinādama un tīksminādamās‎ ― Julcīte threw her sugar cube into (her) mouth and bit, chewed, crunching and enjoying it

   kaza kož lapas ar saviem asajiem zobiem‎ ― the goat is biting, chewing leaves with its sharp teeth

4. (colloquial) to eat a little, to have a bite

   viņa no rīta nav kumosu kodusi‎ ― she hasn't had a bite (= anything to eat) since morning

5. to bite (to be able to bite; to sink one's teeth into something in order to hurt or kill; (of insects) to sting)

   čūska kož‎ ― the snake bites

   svešs zvērs var pēkšņi kost‎ ― a strange animal may suddenly bite

   vilks koda avis‎ ― the wolf bit the sheep

   kostas brūces‎ ― bitten wounds (i.e., wounds from bites)

   odi, blusas, dunduris kož'‎ ― mosquitoes, fleas, horseflies bite

   mušas koda kā trakas‎ ― the flies bit like crazy

   visu nedēļu dunduri koduši miesu‎ ― all week the horseflies have been biting (our) flesh

6. (figuratively, of hard, sharp objects) to cause sudden sharp pain

   vajadzēs tev savaldīties: ganu rīkstes kož‎ ― you will have to be careful: the shepherd's rod bites (= hurts)

7. (figuratively, of words, thoughts) to cause sudden discomfort

   visvairāk kremt un kož tā aušīgā iedoma‎ ― that flighty whim gnaws and bites most of all

8. (of cold or hot weather) to bite (to freeze] or heat so much that they no longer grow)

   salnas kosta bērza lapa, ziedus‎ ― the frosts bit the birch leaves, the flowers

   saulstaru kosta zāle‎ ― sun(rays)-bitten grass

9. (of time, rust) to damage or destroy slowly

   rūsa nespēj kost‎ ― rust won't be able to bite it

   laika kostais kuršu zobens‎ ― time-bitten (worn-out) Curonian sword

10. to bite (to cause a sore, burning sensation)

    sinepes kož mēlē‎ ― must bites the tongue

    dūmi sāka kost acīs un kaklā‎ ― the smoke started biting in the eyes and throat

    sviedri ritēja pāri pierei un koda acīs‎ ― the sweat ran past (his) forehead and bit in (his) eyes

    laukā asi koda sals‎ ― outside, the frost bit sharp

    vaigos kož sals, un sniegs jautri gurkst zem zābaku zolēm‎ ― the frost bit in the cheeks, and the snow crunched under the boot soles

    rupji krekli kož ādā‎ ― coarse shirts bite the skin

11. (of bright lights, colors) to bite (to cause a feeling of pain in the eyes)

    lielās dzīvsudraba spuldzes ir tik spilgtas, ka kož acīs‎ ― the large mercury lamps are so bright that they bite in the eyes

    lakats bija jauns un košs, par daudz košs, koda acīs‎ ― the scarf was new and bright, too bright: it bit in the eyes

12. (of tools, blades) to be sharp when in use, to cut well

    zāģis koda labi‎ ― the saw bit (= cut) well

    jūsu gudrība ka truls nazis: spīdēt spīd, bet nekož'‎ ― your wisdom (is) like a dull knife: it does shine, but it doesn't bite (= doesn't cut)

13. to bite (to press one's teeth, usually expressing tension)

    kost zobus lūpā‎ ― to bite (lit. to bite one's teeth) in(to) one's lip

    meitene koda lūpā, līdz tā kļuva balta‎ ― the girl bit her lip until it became white

14. to bite (to make something, usually a gap, hole, etc., with one's teeth)

    Kains gurķa auglī dižu robu kodīs‎ ― Kains will bite a big hole in the cucumber plant

Conjugation

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

other derived terms:

• kodiens
• kodīgs
• kodināt
• kodums
• kosties

Related terms

• kodīt
• košļāt

References

1. ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “kost”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, ISBN 9984-700-12-7

Molise Croatian

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian kost.

Noun

kost m

1. bone

Declension

References

• Antonietta Marra (2012), “Contact phenomena in the Slavic of Molise: some remarks about nouns and prepositional phrases” in Morphologies in Contact.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Noun

kost m ‎(definite singular kosten, indefinite plural koster, definite plural kostene)

1. a broom or brush

Related terms

• koste

Derived terms

• barberkost

Etymology 2

From Old Norse kostr

Noun

kost m ‎(definite singular kosten, uncountable)

1. diet (what one usually eats, not a restricted diet)
2. board

   kost og losji - board and lodging

Derived terms

• kostfiber

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

• (of kose) kosa, koset

Verb

kost

1. past participle of kose
2. imperative of koste

References

• “kost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Noun

kost m ‎(definite singular kosten, indefinite plural kostar, definite plural kostane)

1. a broom or brush

Derived terms

• barberkost

Etymology 2

From Old Norse kostr

Noun

kost m ‎(definite singular kosten, uncountable)

1. diet (what one usually eats, not a restricted diet)
2. board

   kost og losji - board and lodging

References

• “kost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Etymology 3

Verb

kost

1. indefinite singular past participle of kosa and kose

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

Noun

kȏst f ‎(Cyrillic spelling ко̑ст)

1. a bone

Declension

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkóːst/
• Tonal orthography: kọ̑st

Noun

kóst f ‎(genitive kostí, nominative plural kostí)

1. bone

Declension

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste.

Pronunciation

Noun

kost ?

1. food (any substance consumed by living organisms to sustain life)