Ancient Greek

• (4th AD Koine) IPA^(key): /βárβaros/

• (10th AD Byzantine) IPA^(key): /várvaros/

• (15th AD Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /váɾvaɾos/

Adjective

βάρβαρος • ‎(bárbaros) m, f ‎(neuter βάρβαρον); second declension

1. non-Greek-speaking, foreign
   1. (in the plural) non-Greek peoples
      1. Medes or Persians
         • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.2.14

           καὶ λέγεται δεηθῆναι ἡ Κίλισσα Κύρου ἐπιδεῖξαι τὸ στράτευμα αὐτῇ: βουλόμενος οὖν ἐπιδεῖξαι ἐξέτασιν ποιεῖται ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ τῶν βαρβάρων.

           And it is said that the Cilician [queen] asked Cyrus to show her his troops. So since he wanted to show them to her, he held a review of the Greeks and Persians in the field.

2. barbaric, brutal, rude

Inflection

Derived terms

• βαρβαρικός ‎(barbarikós)
• βαρβαριστί ‎(barbaristí)
• βαρβαρίζω ‎(barbarízō)
  • βαρβαρισμός ‎(barbarismós)
  • ὑποβαρβαρίζω ‎(hupobarbarízō)
• βαρβαρόφωνος ‎(barbaróphōnos)
  • βαρβαροφωνέω ‎(barbarophōnéō)
• βαρβαρόομαι ‎(barbaróomai)
• ἐκβαρβαρόω ‎(ekbarbaróō)
• μιξοβάρβαρος ‎(mixobárbaros)
• μισοβάρβαρος ‎(misobárbaros)

Descendants

• Old Armenian: բարբարոս ‎(barbaros)
  • Armenian: բարբարոս ‎(barbaros)
• English: barbarian
• French: barbare
• Georgian: ბარბაროსი ‎(barbarosi), ბარბარიზმი ‎(barbarizmi)
• German: Barbar
• Icelandic: barbari m
• Latin: barbarus m / barbara f
• Portuguese: bárbaro m / bárbara f
• Russian: варвар m ‎(várvar)

References

• βάρβᾰρος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• βάρβαρος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• «βάρβαρος» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• «βάρβαρος» in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (© 2006–2016)
• βάρβαρος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• “G915”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
• «βάρβαρος» in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th-12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • alien idem, page 22.
  • barbarian idem, page 62.
  • barbaric idem, page 62.
  • barbarous idem, page 62.
  • eastern idem, page 259.
  • fanatical idem, page 306.
  • foreign idem, page 336.
  • orient idem, page 579.
  • oriental idem, page 579.
  • outlandish idem, page 581.
  • rude idem, page 724.
  • savage idem, page 735.
  • strange idem, page 823.
  • uncivilised idem, page 909.
  • uncouth idem, page 911.
  • wild idem, page 979.

Greek

Noun

βάρβαρος • ‎(várvaros) m ‎(plural βάρβαροι)

1. barbarian

Declension

Adjective

βάρβαρος • ‎(várvaros) m ‎(feminine βάρβαρη, neuter βάρβαρο)

1. barbarous, barbaric, uncivilised

Declension