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Definition 2024
丸
丸
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Translingual
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Han character
丸 (radical 3 丶+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大弓戈 (KNI), four-corner 50017, composition ⿵九丶)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 80, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 94
- Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 42, character 11
- Unihan data for U+4E38
Chinese
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simp. and trad. |
丸 | |
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Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 丸
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| Large seal script | Small seal script | ||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (丸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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| Old Chinese | |
| 骫 | *qʷralʔ |
| 丸 | *ɡʷaːn |
| 紈 | *ɡʷaːn |
| 芄 | *ɡʷaːn |
| 汍 | *ɡʷaːn |
| 肒 | *ɡʷaːns |
- Pictogram (象形) – a hand holding an object.
Simplified from 丮 in some characters, such as 孰.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ
- Wade-Giles: wan2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wan
- IPA (key): /u̯a̠n³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jyun4, jyun4-2
- Yale: yùhn, yún
- Cantonese Pinyin: jyn4, jyn4-2
- IPA (key): /jyːn²¹/, /jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
- Hakka Romanization System: ienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan2
- IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)ianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan2
- IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
- Tâi-lô: uân
- Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
- IPA (Xiamen): /uan²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /uan²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /uan²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 丸 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /uan³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /uan²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /van⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /vã⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /vã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /uan⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /uã²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /uã²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /van⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /vɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /van⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan |
/uan²¹³/ 藥～子 /yɛn²¹³/ 肉～子 |
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| Chengdu | /uan³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /uan²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /uã̠³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /uaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʊ̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /væ̃¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /uɑŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /væ̃³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦuø²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦuø¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦuõ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /jy³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /uɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /uːən⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /yẽ¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /yẽ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /yɵn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ian¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒen¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jyn³⁵/ |
| Nanning | /yn²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jyn³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /uan³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /uoŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /yiŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ĩ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /zuaŋ³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 丸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡官切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦuɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦʷɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣuɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦwan/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣuɑn/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣuɑn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣuɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
huán |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 丸 | 丸 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
wán | wán |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hwan › | ‹ hwan › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɢ]ʷˤar/ | /*ɦʷˤar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˤar) |
| English | pellet; ball | 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 丸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12608 |
| Phonetic component |
丸 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
桓 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡʷaːn/ |
Definitions
丸
Compounds
Derived terms from 丸
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Japanese
Kanji
丸
- ball; circular thing such as a bullet or pill
- counter word for pills
- being circular
- make a thing circular
- a whole thing
Readings
- Goon: がん (gan)
- Kan’on: かん (kan)
- Kun: まる (maru), まろ (maro), まる・い (丸い, maru-i), まる・かす (丸かす, maru-kasu), まろ・かす (丸かす, maro-kasu), まる・かせ (丸かせ, maru-kase), まろ・かせ (丸かせ, maro-kase), まる・ける (丸ける, maru-keru), まろ・かる (丸かる, maro-karu), まる・っこい (丸っこい, maru-kkoi), まろ・ぐ (丸ぐ, maro-gu), まる・ぐち (丸ぐち, maru-guchi), まる・ごと (丸ごと, maru-goto), まる・み (丸み, maru-mi), まる・む (丸む, maru-mu), まる・む (丸む, maro-mu), まる・まる (丸まる, maru-maru), まる・める (丸める, maru-meru), まろ・める (丸める, maro-meru), まろ・やか (丸やか, maro-yaka), まろ・らか (丸らか, maro-raka), (rare) たま (tama)
- Nanori: たま (tama), ま (ma), まる (maru), まろ (maro), わ (wa), わに (wani)
Compounds
References
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- Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.
Related terms
Noun
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Prefix
丸 (hiragana まる, romaji maru-)
Derived terms
Suffix
丸 (hiragana まる, romaji -maru)
- suffix for ship names
Korean
Hanja
丸 • (hwan)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 환 (revised: hwan, McCune-Reischauer: hwan)
- Name (hangeul): 둥글 (revised: dunggeul, McCune-Reischauer: tunggǔl)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
Vietnamese
Han character
丸 (hoàn, hòn, giúp, xắp, xóp)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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