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Definition 2025
堪
堪
Translingual
Han character
堪 (radical 32 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土廿一女 (GTMV), four-corner 44111, composition ⿰土甚)
- adequately capable of, worthy of
References
- KangXi: page 233, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5266
- Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 460, character 1
- Unihan data for U+582A
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
堪 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄢ
- Wade-Giles: k'an1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kan
- IPA (key): /kʰa̠n⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ham1
- Yale: hām
- Cantonese Pinyin: ham1
- IPA (key): /hɐm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khâm
- Hakka Romanization System: kam´
- Hagfa Pinyim: kam1
- IPA: /kʰam²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kham
- Tâi-lô: kham
- Phofsit Daibuun: qafm
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 堪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 口含切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰʌm/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰəm/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰɒm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰəm/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰᴀm/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰɒm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰăm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
kān |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 堪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
kān |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ khom › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[kʰ]ˤ[ə]m/ |
| English | able to bear |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 堪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11271 |
| Phonetic component |
甚 |
| Rime group |
侵 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
龕 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰluːm/ |
Definitions
堪
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Japanese
Kanji
堪
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
Korean
Hanja
堪 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune-Reischauer kam)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Etymology
| Historical forms of the character 堪
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 湛 | *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um |
| 媅 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 黮 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ |
| 糂 | *sluːmʔ |
| 堪 | *kʰluːm |
| 戡 | *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ |
| 嵁 | *kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm |
| 歁 | *kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb |
| 勘 | *kʰluːms |
| 磡 | *kʰuːms |
| 墈 | *kʰuːms |
| 偡 | *r'uːmʔ |
| 碪 | *ʔl'um |
| 椹 | *ʔl'um |
| 揕 | *ʔl'ums |
| 踸 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
| 鍖 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
| 斟 | *kljum |
| 諶 | *ɡljum |
| 愖 | *ɡljum |
| 瘎 | *ɡljum |
| 煁 | *ɡljum |
| 甚 | *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums |
| 葚 | *ɦljumʔ |