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Definition 2025
甚
甚
Translingual
Han character
甚 (radical 99 甘+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿一一女 (TMMV), four-corner 44711, composition ⿱甘匹)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 754, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21648
- Dae Jaweon: page 1161, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 25, character 5
- Unihan data for U+751A
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
甚 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 甚
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Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
湛 | *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um |
媅 | *ʔl'uːm |
黮 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ |
糂 | *sluːmʔ |
堪 | *kʰluːm |
戡 | *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ |
嵁 | *kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm |
歁 | *kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb |
勘 | *kʰluːms |
磡 | *kʰuːms |
墈 | *kʰuːms |
偡 | *r'uːmʔ |
碪 | *ʔl'um |
椹 | *ʔl'um |
揕 | *ʔl'ums |
踸 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
鍖 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
斟 | *kljum |
諶 | *ɡljum |
愖 | *ɡljum |
瘎 | *ɡljum |
煁 | *ɡljum |
甚 | *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums |
葚 | *ɦljumʔ |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sam6, sap6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳm
- Min Dong (BUC): sêng
- Min Nan (POJ): sīm
- Wu (Wiktionary): zen (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
- Wade-Giles: shên4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
- IPA (key): /ʂən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ
- Wade-Giles: shên2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenr
- IPA (key): /ʂən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˊ
- Wade-Giles: shê2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sher
- IPA (key): /ʂɤ³⁵/
- Note: shén, shé - colloquial pronunciations of “what” (used in 甚麼); shèn - obsolete literary pronunciation of “what”, and used for other senses.
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sam6, sap6
- Yale: sahm, sahp
- Cantonese Pinyin: sam6, sap9
- IPA (key): /sɐm²²/, /sɐp̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳm
- Hakka Romanization System: siim
- Hagfa Pinyim: sim4
- IPA: /sɨm⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
- IPA (key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīm
- Tâi-lô: sīm
- Phofsit Daibuun: sim
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕim²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕim⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕim²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɕim³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕim³³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zen (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻əɲ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
Variety | Location | 甚 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂən⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /ʂən⁵³/ | |
Tianjin |
/ʂən⁵³/ /sən⁵³/ |
|
Jinan | /ʂẽ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /ʃə̃⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʂən³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /ʂẽ⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /ʂə̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʂəŋ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʂə̃n¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /sən³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /sən¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /sen²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /ʂə̃²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /ʂən⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ʂən⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /səŋ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /ʂəŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /sə̃ŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /zən³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /zen¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /zaŋ³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃²²/ |
Tunxi | ||
Xiang | Changsha | /ʂən⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /ʂən⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /səm⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /ʃem³¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐm²²/ |
Nanning | /sɐm²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /sɐm²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/sim⁵³/ /sim²²/ |
Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /sɛiŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /seiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Min Nan) | /sim³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Min Nan) | /tim³³/ |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 甚 | 甚 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 常 (25) |
Final (韻) | 侵 (139) | 侵 (139) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | III | III |
Fanqie | 常枕切 | 時鴆切 |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑiɪmX/ | /d͡ʑiɪmH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑimX/ | /d͡ʑimH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑjemX/ | /d͡ʑjemH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑimX/ | /d͡ʑimH/ |
Li Rong |
/ʑiəmX/ | /ʑiəmH/ |
Wang Li |
/ʑĭĕmX/ | /ʑĭĕmH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑi̯əmX/ | /ʑi̯əmH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shèn | shèn |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 甚 | 甚 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shèn | shèn |
Middle Chinese |
‹ dzyimX › | ‹ dzyimH › |
Old Chinese |
/*[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ/ | /*[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ-s/ |
English | excessive, very | excessive |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 甚 | 甚 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
No. | 11296 | 11297 |
Phonetic component |
甚 | 甚 |
Rime group |
侵 | 侵 |
Rime subdivision |
3 | 3 |
Corresponding MC rime |
甚 | 甚 |
Old Chinese |
/*ɡljumʔ/ | /*ɡljums/ |
Definitions
甚
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
甚
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
甚 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune-Reischauer sim, Yale sim)
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Vietnamese
Han character
甚 (thậm, rậm)
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