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Definition 2024
濟
濟
Translingual
Traditional | 濟 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 済 |
Simplified | 济 |
Han character
濟 (radical 85 水+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水卜X (EYX), four-corner 30123, composition ⿰氵齊)
References
- KangXi: page 656, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18498
- Dae Jaweon: page 1066, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1771, character 12
- Unihan data for U+6FDF
Chinese
trad. | 濟 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 济 | |
alt. forms | 済 |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
儕 | *zriːl |
麡 | *zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl |
齋 | *ʔsriːl |
穧 | *ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls |
擠 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
躋 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
齏 | *ʔsliːl |
齎 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔslil |
櫅 | *ʔsliːl |
齌 | *ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls |
隮 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
賷 | *ʔsliːl |
虀 | *ʔsliːl |
濟 | *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls |
癠 | *ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls |
霽 | *ʔsliːls |
齊 | *zliːl, *zliːls |
臍 | *zliːl |
蠐 | *zliːl, *zlil |
懠 | *zliːl, *zliːls |
薺 | *zliːlʔ, *zlil |
鱭 | *zliːlʔ |
嚌 | *zliːls |
劑 | *zliːls, *ʔslel |
齍 | *ʔslil |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
- Wade-Giles: chih4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zai3
- Yale: jai
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzai3
- IPA (key): /t͡sɐi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chi
- Hakka Romanization System: ji
- Hagfa Pinyim: ji4
- IPA: /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
- Tâi-lô: tsè
- Phofsit Daibuun: zex
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zi3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsì
- IPA (key): /t͡si²¹³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ji (T2)
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕi³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 濟 |
Reading # | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | IV |
Fanqie | 子計切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡seiH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/t͡seiH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/t͡sɛiH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/t͡sɛjH/ |
Li Rong |
/t͡seiH/ |
Wang Li |
/t͡sieiH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡sieiH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jì |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 濟 | 濟 |
Reading # | 4/5 | 5/5 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jì | jì |
Middle Chinese |
‹ tsejH › | ‹ tsejH › |
Old Chinese |
/*[ts]ˤ[i]j(ʔ)-s/ | /*[ts]ˤ[i]j(ʔ)-s/ |
English | cross a stream; rescue | stop |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 濟 |
Reading # | 2/2 |
No. | 10048 |
Phonetic component |
齊 |
Rime group |
脂 |
Rime subdivision |
1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
霽 |
Old Chinese |
/*ʔsliːls/ |
Definitions
濟
Compounds
|
|
|
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
- Wade-Giles: chih3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zai2
- Yale: jái
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzai2
- IPA (key): /t͡sɐi̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ché
- Tâi-lô: tsé
- Phofsit Daibuun: zea
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡se⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 濟 |
Reading # | 1/2 |
Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | IV |
Fanqie | 子禮切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡seiX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/t͡seiX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/t͡sɛiX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/t͡sɛjX/ |
Li Rong |
/t͡seiX/ |
Wang Li |
/t͡sieiX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡sieiX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jǐ |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Character | 濟 | 濟 | 濟 |
Reading # | 1/5 | 2/5 | 3/5 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jǐ | jǐ | jǐ |
Middle Chinese |
‹ tsejX › | ‹ tsejX › | ‹ tsejX › |
Old Chinese |
/*[ts]ˤ[i]jʔ/ | /*[ts]ˤəjʔ/ | /*[ts]ˤəjʔ/ |
English | numerous | stately | [river name] |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 濟 |
Reading # | 1/2 |
No. | 10043 |
Phonetic component |
齊 |
Rime group |
脂 |
Rime subdivision |
1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
濟 |
Old Chinese |
/*ʔsliːlʔ/ |
Definitions
濟
- River name in Eastern China. See 濟水/济水 (Jǐ Shuǐ).
- Only used in 濟濟/济济 (“horde of people; multitude”).
Compounds
Etymology 3
trad. | 濟 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 济 | |
alt. forms |
Related to Tai. Cognate with 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl). Compare Zhuang lai (“many”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sâ̤
- IPA (key): /sɑ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe
- Tâi-lô: tsuē
- Phofsit Daibuun: zoe
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒe
- Tâi-lô: tsuě
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cherē
- Tâi-lô: tserē
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē
- Tâi-lô: tsē
- Phofsit Daibuun: ze
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se²²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zoi7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsōi
- IPA (key): /t͡soi¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
Definitions
濟
Compounds
References
- “臺灣閩南語按呢寫 (Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Án-ne Siá) #305”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
- 劉建仁 (2012-04-29), “濟•多(tse⊦/tsue⊦)──多”, in 台灣話的語源與理據 (in Chinese), retrieved 2016-08-21
Japanese
Kanji
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
濟 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune-Reischauer che, Yale cey)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
濟 (tể, tế)
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