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Definition 2024

糖

糖

See also: 醣

Translingual

Han character

糖 (radical 119 米+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火木戈中口 (FDILR), four-corner 90967, composition ⿰米唐)

References

  • KangXi: page 911, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27070
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1338, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3157, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7CD6

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 糖

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唐 *ɡl'aːŋ
煻 *l'aːŋ
糖 *l'aːŋ
搪 *l'aːŋ
蓎 *l'aːŋ
瑭 *l'aːŋ
餹 *l'aːŋ
篖 *l'aːŋ
螗 *l'aːŋ
塘 *l'aːŋ
鶶 *l'aːŋ
赯 *l'aːŋ
磄 *l'aːŋ
溏 *l'aːŋ
傏 *l'aːŋ
鎕 *l'aːŋ
榶 *l'aːŋ
嵣 *l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs
庚 *kraːŋ
賡 *kraːŋ
鹒 *kraːŋ
康 *kʰlaːŋ
穅 *kʰlaːŋ
糠 *kʰlaːŋ
槺 *kʰlaːŋ
漮 *kʰlaːŋ
躿 *kʰlaːŋ
慷 *kʰlaːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'aːŋ) : semantic 米 ‎(“rice”) + phonetic 唐 ‎(OC *ɡl'aːŋ) – grains of sugar.

Etymology

Original meaning was "sweet rice cake" or "sugar syrup". Cognate with 餳.

Compare Proto-Lingao lhaŋ2 ("sugar"), whence Lincheng /haŋ˧˧/, Qiongshan /liaŋ˩˧/.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 糖
Mandarin Beijing /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /tʰɑŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /tʰaŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /tʰaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tʰaŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Xining /tʰɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰɑŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /tʰɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /tʰɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /tʰaŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /tʰaŋ³¹/
Guiyang /tʰaŋ²¹/
Kunming /tʰã̠¹/
Nanjing /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /tʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /tʰɑŋ¹³/
/tɑŋ¹³/ 黑～
Hohhot /tʰɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /dɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /dɑ̃¹³/
Hangzhou /dɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /duɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /tʰa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /tʰau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tan¹³/
Xiangtan /dɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /tʰoŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /tʰoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Nanning /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tʰɔŋ³⁵/
/tʰŋ̍³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tʰouŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tʰɔŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tʰɯŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ho³¹/
Rime
Character 糖
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /dɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /dɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /dɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /daŋ/
Li
Rong		 /dɑŋ/
Wang
Li		 /dɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 táng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 糖
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 táng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.lˤaŋ/ (no pre-Qín exx)
English sugar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 糖
Reading # 1/1
No. 3961
Phonetic
component		 庚
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 唐
Old
Chinese		 /*l'aːŋ/

Definitions

糖

  1. sugar
    糖尿病  ―  tángniàobìng  ―  diabetes
    糖水 [Cantonese]  ―  tong4 seoi2 [Jyutping]  ―  sugar water
  2. candy; sweets
    棒棒糖 [Cantonese]  ―  paang5 paang5tong4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  lollipop
    糖食得多冇益。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    Tong2 sik6 dak1 do1 mou5 jik1. [Jyutping]
    Eating too much candy is unhealthy.
  3. (organic chemistry) saccharide
    ⇒ 醣
    多糖  ―  duōtáng  ―  polysaccharide

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

糖

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
糖
とう
Grade: 6
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 糖 ‎(dang, “sugar”).

Pronunciation

Noun

糖 ‎(hiragana とう, romaji tō, historical hiragana たう)

  1. sugar

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

糖 • ‎(dang, tang) (hangeul 당, 탕, revised dang, tang, McCune-Reischauer tang, t'ang, Yale tang, thang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

糖 (đường)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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