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Definition 2025
野
野
See also: 埜
Translingual
Han character
野 (radical 166 里+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田土弓戈弓 (WGNIN), four-corner 67122, composition ⿰里予)
References
- KangXi: page 1291, character 5
 - Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40133
 - Dae Jaweon: page 1793, character 2
 - Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3683, character 1
 - Unihan data for U+91CE
 
Chinese
| 
simp. and trad. | 
野 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | ||
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (予) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 野 | *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ | 
| 壄 | *laːʔ | 
| 序 | *ljaʔ | 
| 抒 | *ljaʔ, *hlja, *ɦljaʔ | 
| 芧 | *l'aʔ | 
| 杼 | *l'aʔ, *ɦljaʔ | 
| 墅 | *ɦljaːʔ | 
| 舒 | *hlja | 
| 紓 | *hlja, *ɦljaʔ | 
| 妤 | *la | 
| 伃 | *la | 
| 予 | *la, *laʔ | 
| 預 | *las | 
| 忬 | *las | 
| 豫 | *las | 
| 蕷 | *las | 
| 澦 | *las | 
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ) : semantic 田 (“field”) + semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).
Etymology
Various etymologies have been proposed:
- From a hypothetical common Sino-Tibetan *la (“area far from settlements; wilderness”): compare Tibetan ལ (la, “mountain pass; hillside; mountain slope”) (Schuessler, 2007);
 - Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *laʔ (“to spread, extend”): compare Khmer លា (léa, “to unfold, spread, open out”) (Schuessler, 2007);
 - From a Sino-Tibetan root meaning “hut; pantry”: compare Tibetan ལྷས (lhas, “pen; fold; cattle enclosure”) (Starostin).
 
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
 - Cantonese (Jyutping): je5
 - Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yâ
 - Min Dong (BUC): iā
 - Min Nan (POJ): iá
 - Wu (Wiktionary): hhia (T3)
 
-  Mandarin
-  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
 - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˇ
 - Wade-Giles: yeh3
 - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiee
 - IPA (key): /i̯ɛ²¹⁴/
 -  
 
 
 -  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
 -  Cantonese
-  (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: je5
 - Yale: yéh
 - Cantonese Pinyin: je5
 - IPA (key): /jɛː¹³/
 
 
 -  (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
 -  Hakka
-  (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
 - Hakka Romanization System: ia´
 - Hagfa Pinyim: ya1
 - IPA: /i̯a²⁴/
 
 -  (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
 - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia´
 - Hagfa Pinyim: ya1
 - IPA: /(j)i̯a²⁴/
 
 
 -  (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
 -  Min Dong
-  (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iā
 - IPA (key): /ia³³/
 
 
 -  (Fuzhou)
 -  Min Nan
-  (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iá
 - Tâi-lô: iá
 - Phofsit Daibuun: iar
 - IPA (Xiamen): /ia⁵³/
 - IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁵⁵⁴/
 - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia⁵³/
 - IPA (Taipei): /ia⁵³/
 - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia⁴¹/
 
 
 -  (Hokkien)
 -  Wu
-  (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhia (T3)
 - IPA (key): /ɦiᴀ²³/
 
 
 -  (Shanghainese)
 
-  Dialectal data▼
 
| Variety | Location | 野 | 
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iɛ²¹⁴/ | 
| Harbin | /iɛ²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ie¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /iə⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /iə⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /iɛ⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /iɛ⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /i⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ie⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /iə⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /iɤ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ie⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /ie⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /ie⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /iɛ⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /ie²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /i²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ie⁵³/ | 
| Pingyao | /ie̞⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ie⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦia²³/ | 
| Suzhou | /ɦiɑ³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | 
/ʔie̞⁵³/  /ʔi⁵³/  | 
|
| Wenzhou | /i³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | 
/ie³⁵/  /ia³⁵/  | 
| Tunxi | /ia²⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 
/ie⁴¹/  /ia⁴¹/  | 
| Xiangtan | /iɒ⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iɑ²¹³/ | 
| Hakka | Meixian | 
/ia⁴⁴/  /ia³¹/  | 
| Taoyuan | /ʒɑ²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɛ²³/ | 
| Nanning | /jɛ²⁴/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jɛ¹³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /ia⁵³/ | 
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ia³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | 
/ia²¹/  /ia⁴²/  | 
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ia⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | 
/ze²¹³/  /ia²¹³/  | 
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 野 | 
| Reading # | 2/2 | 
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) | 
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | 
| Openness (開合) | Open | 
| Division (等) | III | 
| Fanqie | 羊者切 | 
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang  | 
/jiaX/ | 
| Pan Wuyun  | 
/jiaX/ | 
| Shao Rongfen  | 
/iaX/ | 
| Edwin Pulleyblank  | 
/jiaX/ | 
| Li Rong  | 
/iaX/ | 
| Wang Li  | 
/jĭaX/ | 
| Bernard Karlgren  | 
/i̯aX/ | 
| Expected Mandarin Reflex  | 
yě | 
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 野 | 
| Reading # | 1/1 | 
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin)  | 
yě | 
| Middle Chinese  | 
‹ yæX › | 
| Old Chinese  | 
/*lAʔ/ | 
| English | open country | 
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: 					* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;  | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 野 | 
| Reading # | 1/2 | 
| No. | 15722 | 
| Phonetic component  | 
予 | 
| Rime group  | 
魚 | 
| Rime subdivision  | 
0 | 
| Corresponding MC rime  | 
野 | 
| Old Chinese  | 
/*laːʔ/ | 
Definitions
野
- countryside; field; outskirts; wilderness
 - plain; open country; open space
 - area; region; boundary
 - (among) the people; not in power; out of office
 - unadorned; unaffected; simple; plain
 - wild; not domesticated; stray
 - feral; untamed; unrestrained
 - rough; coarse; violent; boorish; rude
 - unofficial; informal; illegal
 - (literary or Min Dong, Xiamen and Quanzhou Min Nan) very; quite
 
Compounds
Derived terms from 野
  | 
  | 
  | 
Pronunciation 2
-  Mandarin
-  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
 - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
 - Wade-Giles: shu4
 - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
 - IPA (key): /ʂu⁵¹/
 
 
 -  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
 -  Cantonese
-  (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: seoi5, seoi6
 - Yale: séuih, seuih
 - Cantonese Pinyin: soey5, soey6
 - IPA (key): /sɵy̯¹³/, /sɵy̯²²/
 
 
 -  (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
 
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 野 | 
| Reading # | 1/2 | 
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | 
| Openness (開合) | Open | 
| Division (等) | III | 
| Fanqie | 承與切 | 
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang  | 
/d͡ʑɨʌX/ | 
| Pan Wuyun  | 
/d͡ʑiɔX/ | 
| Shao Rongfen  | 
/d͡ʑiɔX/ | 
| Edwin Pulleyblank  | 
/d͡ʑɨə̆X/ | 
| Li Rong  | 
/ʑiɔX/ | 
| Wang Li  | 
/ʑĭoX/ | 
| Bernard Karlgren  | 
/ʑi̯woX/ | 
| Expected Mandarin Reflex  | 
shù | 
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 野 | 
| Reading # | 2/2 | 
| No. | 15729 | 
| Phonetic component  | 
予 | 
| Rime group  | 
魚 | 
| Rime subdivision  | 
0 | 
| Corresponding MC rime  | 
野 | 
| Old Chinese  | 
/*ɦljaʔ/ | 
Definitions
野
Japanese
Kanji
野
| Kanji in this term | 
|---|
| 野 | 
| 
の Grade: 2  | 
| kun'yomi | 
Noun
Readings
Compounds
- 野良猫 (noraneko, “stray cat; alley cat”)
 - 野良犬 (norainu, “stray dog”)
 - 野宿 (nojuku)
 - 野狐 (yako, “wild fox”)
 
Korean
Hanja
野 • (ya) (hangeul 야, McCune-Reischauer ya, Yale ya)
-  This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text 
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