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Definition 2024
乎
乎
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Translingual
Han character
乎 (radical 4 丿+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹火木 (HFD), four-corner 20409)
Derived characters
Descendants
See also
References
- KangXi: page 82, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 131
- Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 36, character 8
- Unihan data for U+4E4E
Chinese
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simp. and trad. |
乎 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 乎
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (乎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 罅 | *qʰraːs |
| 呼 | *qʰaː |
| 軤 | *qʰaː |
| 苸 | *qʰaː |
| 嘑 | *qʰaː |
| 歑 | *qʰaː |
| 謼 | *qʰaː, *qʰaːs |
| 滹 | *qʰaː |
| 乎 | *ɢaː |
| 虖 | *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa |
| 嫭 | *ɢaːs |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨ
- Wade-Giles: hu1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hu
- IPA (key): /xu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ
- Wade-Giles: hu2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu
- IPA (key): /xu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: fu4, wu4
- Yale: fùh, wùh
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu4, wu4
- IPA (key): /fuː²¹/, /wuː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fû / fù
- Hakka Romanization System: fu´ / fuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fu1 / fu2
- IPA: /fu²⁴/, /fu¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hohⁿ
- Tâi-lô: honnh
- Phofsit Daibuun: hvoq
- IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ̃ʔ³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ̃ʔ⁵/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ̃ʔ³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /hɔ̃ʔ³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ̃ʔ³²/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 乎 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xu⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /xu⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /xu²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /xu⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /xu²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /xu²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /xu²¹/ | |
| Xining | /xv̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /xu⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /xu³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /xu⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /xu⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu |
/xu³¹/ /fu³¹/ |
|
| Guiyang | /fu⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /xu⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /xu³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /xu²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xu¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /xu¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /xu³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai |
/hu⁵³/ /ɦu²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦəu¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦu²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /vu³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /xu³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /xu¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /fu¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɸu³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fu⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /fu¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /fu¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fu²¹/ |
| Nanning |
/fu⁵⁵/ /wu²¹/ |
|
| Hong Kong | /fu²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/hɔ³⁵/ /hɔ⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /hu⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xu⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /hu³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /hu²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 戸吳切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦuo/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦuo/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣo/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦɔ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣo/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hú |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 乎 | 乎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hū | hū |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hu › | ‹ hu › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɢˤa/ | /*ɢˤa/ |
| English | (Q particle) | in, at |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5189 |
| Phonetic component |
乎 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
胡 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɢaː/ |
Definitions
乎
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References
- (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.
- (Min Nan) “Entry #1308”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
乎 • (ho)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 호 (revised: ho, McCune-Reischauer: ho, Yale: ho)
- Name (hangeul): 어조사 (revised: eojosa, McCune-Reischauer: ǒjosa)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
Vietnamese
Han character
乎 (hồ)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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