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Definition 2024
堂
堂
Translingual
Han character
堂 (radical 32 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火月口土 (FBRG), four-corner 90104, composition ⿱尚土)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 231, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5207
- Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 452, character 14
- Unihan data for U+5802
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
堂 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 堂
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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 |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 當 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 襠 | *taːŋ |
| 鐺 | *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 簹 | *taːŋ |
| 璫 | *taːŋ |
| 檔 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 儅 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 蟷 | *taːŋ |
| 擋 | *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs |
| 黨 | *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 讜 | *taːŋʔ |
| 欓 | *taːŋʔ |
| 譡 | *taːŋs |
| 闣 | *taːŋs |
| 瓽 | *taːŋs |
| 鏜 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 闛 | *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ |
| 鼞 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 曭 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 儻 | *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs |
| 戃 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 矘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 爣 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 攩 | *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs |
| 淌 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 倘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 躺 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 趟 | *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs |
| 堂 | *daːŋ |
| 坣 | *daːŋ |
| 棠 | *daːŋ |
| 糛 | *daːŋ |
| 螳 | *daːŋ |
| 隚 | *daːŋ |
| 橖 | *daːŋ |
| 掌 | *tjaŋʔ |
| 廠 | *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs |
| 敞 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 僘 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 氅 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 常 | *djaŋ |
| 嘗 | *djaŋ |
| 裳 | *djaŋ |
| 徜 | *djaŋ |
| 尚 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 甞 | *djaŋ |
| 鋿 | *djaŋ |
| 嫦 | *djaŋ |
| 償 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 賞 | *hjaŋʔ |
| 瞠 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 撐 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 樘 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 橕 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 牚 | *rtʰaːŋs |
| 埫 | *tʰoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *daːŋ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 土.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tong4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thòng
- Min Dong (BUC): dòng
- Min Nan (POJ): tn̂g / tông
- Wu (Wiktionary): daan (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ
- Wade-Giles: t'ang2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tangr
- IPA (key): /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: tong4
- Yale: tòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tong4
- IPA (key): /tʰɔːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thòng
- Hakka Romanization System: tongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tong2
- IPA: /tʰoŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dòng
- IPA (key): /touŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tn̂g / tông
- Tâi-lô: tn̂g / tông
- Phofsit Daibuun: dngg, doong
- IPA (Xiamen): /tŋ̍²⁴/, /tɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tŋ̍²⁴/, /tɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tŋ̍¹³/, /tɔŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /tŋ̍²⁴/, /tɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tŋ̍²³/, /tɔŋ²³/
- Note: tn̂g - colloquial; tông - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: daan (T3)
- IPA (key): /d̻ɑ̃²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 堂 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tʰɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /tʰaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /tʰɑŋ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /tʰaŋ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /tʰaŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /tʰaŋ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /tʰaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /tɔ̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /tʰɑŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /tʰɑ̃⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /tʰɑŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /tʰaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /tʰaŋ³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /tʰaŋ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /tʰã̠³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /tʰaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /tʰɑ̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tʰɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /tʰɑŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /tʰɑ̃³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /dɑ̃²³/ |
| Suzhou | /dɑ̃¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /dɑŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /duɔ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰa⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /tau⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /tan¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /dɔn¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tʰɔŋ²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰoŋ¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /tʰoŋ¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tʰɔŋ²¹/ |
| Nanning | /tʰɔŋ²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /tʰɔŋ²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/tɔŋ³⁵/ /tŋ̍³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /touŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /tɔŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) |
/tʰaŋ⁵⁵/ /tɯŋ⁵⁵/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/haŋ³¹/ /ʔdo³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 堂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒郎切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/dɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/dɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/dɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/daŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/dɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/dɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/dʱɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
táng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 堂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
táng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[d]ˤaŋ/ |
| English | hall |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 堂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11138 |
| Phonetic component |
尚 |
| Rime group |
陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
唐 |
| Old Chinese |
/*daːŋ/ |
Definitions
堂
- main room of a house
- (historical) courtroom in a yamen
- room for a specific purpose
- hall; chamber; large room
- shop; store (in traditional store names)
- class; lesson
- of the same paternal grandfather or great-grandfather
- (honorific) mother
- Classifier for sets of furniture.
- Classifier for classes or lessons.
- Classifier for court sessions.
- Classifier for scenes or murals.
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 堂
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Japanese
Kanji
堂
Readings
Compounds
- 食堂 (shokudō, “cafeteria, dining room”)
堂本光一
Noun
Prefix
- magnificent (building)
Korean
Hanja
堂 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune-Reischauer tang)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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