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Definition 2024

如

如

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

如 (radical 38 女+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 女口 (VR), four-corner 46400, composition ⿰女口)

Derived characters

References

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 如

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 如
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (女) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
拿 *rnaː
拏 *rnaː
詉 *rnaː
蒘 *rnaː, *na
笯 *rnaː, *naː, *naːs
挐 *rnaː, *na
絮 *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas
呶 *rnaːw
怓 *rnaːw
帑 *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː
奴 *naː
砮 *naː, *naːʔ
駑 *naː
孥 *naː
努 *naːʔ
弩 *naːʔ
怒 *naːʔ, *naːs
袽 *na
帤 *na
女 *naʔ, *nas
籹 *naʔ
恕 *hnjas
如 *nja, *njas
茹 *nja, *njaʔ, *njas
洳 *nja, *njas
鴽 *nja
蕠 *nja
汝 *njaʔ
肗 *njaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *nja, *njas) : phonetic 女 ‎(OC *naʔ, *nas, “woman”) + semantic 口 ‎(“mouth”). Also interpreted as ideogrammic compound (會意) : a woman obeying an order.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 如
Mandarin Beijing /ʐu³⁵/
Harbin /lu²⁴/
/ʐu²⁴/
Tianjin /iu⁴⁵/
/ʐu⁴⁵/
Jinan /lu⁴²/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐu⁴²/
Xi'an /vu²⁴/
Xining /v̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʐu⁵³/
Lanzhou /vu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐu²¹³/
/vu²¹³/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /zu³¹/
Guiyang /zu²¹/
Kunming /ʐu³¹/
Nanjing /ʐu²⁴/
Hefei /ʐu⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zu¹¹/
Pingyao /zz̩ʷ¹³/
Hohhot /ʐu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩ʷ¹³/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷ²¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hui Shexian /y⁴⁴/
Tunxi /y⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /y¹³/
Xiangtan /y¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɵ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /i¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jy²¹/
Nanning /y²¹/
Hong Kong /jy²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /y⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /y²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /zu⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zu³¹/
/zi³¹/
Rime
Character 如 如
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 日 (38) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 魚 (22) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 人諸切 人恕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ȵɨʌ/ /ȵɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ȵiɔ/ /ȵiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȵʑiɔ/ /ȵʑiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ȵɨə̆/ /ȵɨə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /ȵiɔ/ /ȵiɔH/
Wang
Li		 /ȵʑĭo/ /ȵʑĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȵʑi̯wo/ /ȵʑi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 rú rù
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 如 如
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 rú rú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nyo › ‹ nyo ›
Old
Chinese		 /*na/ /*na/
English go to as, like, if

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 如 如
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 9623 9631
Phonetic
component		 女 女
Rime
group		 魚 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 如 洳
Old
Chinese		 /*nja/ /*njas/

Definitions

如

  1. if; supposing
  2. as if; as though
  3. like; as
  4. such as; for example
  5. (usually with 不) as good as

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

如

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. to seem

Readings

Korean

Hanja

如 • ‎(yeo)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 여 (revised: yeo, McCune-Reischauer: yŏ)
  • Name (hangeul): 같을()
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Vietnamese

Han character

如 (như, nhơ, dừ, nhừ, rừ, nhượng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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