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Definition 2025
慷慨
慷慨
Chinese
| generous; magnanimous | generous; sad | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
simp. and trad. (慷慨) |
慷 | 慨 | |
Adjective
慷慨
- impassioned; vehement; fervent
- forthright; expansive; frank and straightforward
- generous; beneficent; big-handed
Verb
慷慨
- to sigh with emotion
Derived terms
|
Descendants
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hong2 koi3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khóng-khói / không-khói
- Min Dong (BUC): kōng-kái
- Min Nan (POJ): khóng-khài
- Wu (Wiktionary): khaan khe (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ ㄎㄞˇ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kangkae
- IPA (key): /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hong2 koi3
- Yale: hóng koi
- Cantonese Pinyin: hong2 koi3
- IPA (key): /hɔːŋ³⁵ kʰɔːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khóng-khói / không-khói
- Hakka Romanization System: kong` koi` / kong´ koi`
- Hagfa Pinyim: kong3 koi3 / kong1 koi3
- IPA: /kʰoŋ³¹ kʰo̯i³¹/, /kʰoŋ²⁴ kʰo̯i³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kōng-kái
- IPA (key): /kʰouŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ (kʰ-)ŋɑi²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng-khài
- Tâi-lô: khóng-khài
- Phofsit Daibuun: qofngqaix
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaɪ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰaɪ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaɪ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaɪ¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰaɪ²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: khaan khe (T1)
- IPA (key): /kʰɑ̃⁵⁵ kʰᴇ²¹/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 慷 | 慨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 苦朗切 | 苦蓋切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰɑŋX/ | /kʰʌiH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰɑŋX/ | /kʰəiH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰɑŋX/ | /kʰɒiH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰaŋX/ | /kʰəjH/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰɑŋX/ | /kʰᴀiH/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰɑŋX/ | /kʰɒiH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰɑŋX/ | /kʰɑ̆iH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
kǎng | kài |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 慨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
kài |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ khojH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[kʰ]ˤə[t]-s/ |
| English | disappointed |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 慷 | 慨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3987 | 5814 |
| Phonetic component |
庚 | 旡 |
| Rime group |
陽 | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
慷 | 磕 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰlaːŋʔ/ | /*kʰɯːds/ |