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Definition 2024

新

新

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

新 (radical 69 斤+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜木竹一中 (YDHML), four-corner 02921, composition ⿰亲斤)

References

  • KangXi: page 480, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 839, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2026, character 21
  • Unihan data for U+65B0

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 新

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *tshrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *siŋ) : phonetic 亲 ‎(OC *siŋ, “hazelnut tree”) + semantic 斤 ‎(“axe”) – to cut down a tree with an axe (hence starting something new).

Also ideogrammic compound (會意) . Original form of 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Burmese သစ် ‎(sac, “new”). Compare the cognacy between 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) and Burmese သစ် ‎(sac, “wood; timber”).

This word may belong to the Sino-Tibetan stem Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ ‎(“alive, fresh, green”) and may hence be related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green”) as well as 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 新
Mandarin Beijing /ɕin⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕin⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕin²¹/
Jinan /ɕiẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /siə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /sin²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiẽ²¹/
Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sin³¹/
Hefei /ɕin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /sin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sin³³/
Xiangtan /sin³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sin⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sin²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐn⁵³/
Nanning /ɬɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sin⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /seiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /siŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tin²³/
Rime
Character 新
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /siɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sin/
Li
Rong		 /siĕn/
Wang
Li		 /sĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xīn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 新
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xīn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.tsʰi[n]/
English new

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 新
Reading # 1/1
No. 13811
Phonetic
component		 辛
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 新
Old
Chinese		 /*siŋ/

Definitions

新

  1. new; fresh
    Antonyms: 舊／旧 (jiù)
    新電腦 / 新电脑  ―  xīn diànnǎo  ―  new computer
  2. newly; freshly; recently
    新建成的超市  ―  xīn jiànchéng de chāoshì  ―  newly built supermarket
  3. neo- (prefix)
    新納粹 / 新纳粹  ―  xīn nàcuì  ―  neo-Nazi
  4. (chemistry) meso-
  5. A surname​. Xin
  6. Short for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng).
  7. Short for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

新

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Prefix

新 ‎(hiragana しん, romaji shin-)

  1. new
    • Light Yagami from Death Note
      僕 (ぼく)は新 (しん)世界 (せかい)の神 (かみ)だ。
      Boku wa shinsekai no kami da.
      I am god of the new world.

Korean

Hanja

新 • ‎(sin) (hangeul 신, McCune-Reischauer sin, Yale sin)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

新 (tân, tâng, huy)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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