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Definition 2025
暴
暴
See also: 異
Translingual
Han character
暴 (radical 72 日+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 日廿金水 (ATCE), four-corner 60132, composition ⿳日共氺)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 499, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14137
- Dae Jaweon: page 868, character 35
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1532, character 15
- Unihan data for U+66B4
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
暴 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bou6, buk6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phau
- Min Dong (BUC): bó̤h
- Min Nan (POJ): po̍h / po̍k / pō
- Wu (Wiktionary): bau (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
- Wade-Giles: pao4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
- IPA (key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
- Wade-Giles: p'u4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
- IPA (key): /pʰu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: bou6, buk6
- Yale: bouh, buhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: bou6, buk9
- IPA (key): /pou̯²²/, /pʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phau
- Hakka Romanization System: pau
- Hagfa Pinyim: pau4
- IPA: /pʰa̯u⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bó̤h
- IPA (key): /pɔʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍h / po̍k / pō
- Tâi-lô: po̍h / po̍k / pō
- Phofsit Daibuun: poih, pok, poi
- IPA (Xiamen): /pɤʔ⁴/, /pɔk̚⁴/, /pɤ²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pɤʔ²⁴/, /pɔk̚²⁴/, /pɤ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɤʔ¹²¹/, /pɔk̚¹²¹/, /pɤ²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /poʔ⁴/, /pɔk̚⁴/, /po³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤʔ⁴/, /pɔk̚⁴/, /pɤ³³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: bau (T3)
- IPA (key): /b̻ɔ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 暴 | 暴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 薄報切 | 蒲木切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/bɑuH/ | /buk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/bɑuH/ | /buk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/bɑuH/ | /buk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/bawH/ | /bəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/bɑuH/ | /buk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/bɑuH/ | /buk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/bʱɑuH/ | /bʱuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bào | bú |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 暴 | 暴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
bào | pù |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ bawH › | ‹ buwk › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[b]ˤawk-s/ | /*m-pˤawk/ |
| English | violent | expose to sun |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 暴 | 暴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 330 | 343 |
| Phonetic component |
暴 | 暴 |
| Rime group |
貌 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
暴 | 暴 |
| Old Chinese |
/*boːwɢs/ | /*boːɡ/ |
Definitions
暴
Japanese
Kanji
暴
Readings
- Goon: ぼう (bō), ぼく (boku)
- Kan’on: ほう (hō), ほく (hoku)
- Kan’yōon: ばく (baku)
- Kun: あばく (暴く, abaku), あばれる (暴れる, abareru)
Compounds
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 暴 |
|
ぼう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 暴 (bawH, “violent”).
Pronunciation
Adjectival noun
暴 (-na inflection, hiragana ぼう, romaji bō)
Inflection
Inflection of "暴な"
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 暴だろ | ぼうだろ | bō daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 暴で | ぼうで | bō de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 暴だ | ぼうだ | bō da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 暴な | ぼうな | bō na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 暴なら | ぼうなら | bō nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 暴であれ | ぼうであれ | bō de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 暴ではない 暴じゃない |
ぼうではない ぼうじゃない |
bō de wa nai bō ja nai |
| Informal past | 暴だった | ぼうだった | bō datta |
| Informal negative past | 暴ではなかった 暴じゃなかった |
ぼうではなかった ぼうじゃなかった |
bō de wa nakatta bō ja nakatta |
| Formal | 暴です | ぼうです | bō desu |
| Formal negative | 暴ではありません 暴じゃありません |
ぼうではありません ぼうじゃありません |
bō de wa arimasen bō ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 暴でした | ぼうでした | bō deshita |
| Formal negative past | 暴ではありませんでした 暴じゃありませんでした |
ぼうではありませんでした ぼうじゃありませんでした |
bō de wa arimasen deshita bō ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 暴で | ぼうで | bō de |
| Conditional | 暴なら（ば） | ぼうなら（ば） | bō nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 暴だったら | ぼうだったら | bō dattara |
| Volitional | 暴だろう | ぼうだろう | bō darō |
| Adverbial | 暴に | ぼうに | bō ni |
| Degree | 暴さ | ぼうさ | bōsa |
Noun
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Etymology
| Historical forms of the character 暴
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (暴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 暴 | *boːwɢs, *boːɡ |
| 曝 | *boːwɢs, *boːɡ |
| 瀑 | *boːwɢs, *boːɡ |
| 虣 | *boːwɢs |
| 爆 | *proːwɢs, *poːwɢ, *proːwɢ |
| 襮 | *poːwɢ, *poːwɢ |
| 嚗 | *proːwɢ |
| 謈 | *pʰroːwɢ, *broːwɢ |
| 犦 | *broːwɢ, *poːwɢ |
| 懪 | *broːwɢ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) – originally (in oracle script) the antler of a buck (at bottom), indicating a savage attack. Subsequently significantly simplified and abstracted: in seal script analyzed as 日 + 出 + 廾, while in current form rather 日 + 共 + 水 (similar to unrelated 異); compare bottom component to bottom right of 様.