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Definition 2024

李

李

李 U+674E, 李
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-674E
← 杍
[U+674D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 杏 →
[U+674F]
See also: 季

Translingual

Han character

李 (radical 75 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木弓木 (DND), four-corner 40407, composition ⿱木子)

  1. plum tree
  2. the fruit of the plum
  3. judge

References

  • KangXi: page 511, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14459
  • Dae Jaweon: page 895, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1162, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+674E

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 李

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 李
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
孜 *ʔslɯ
仔 *ʔslɯ, *ʔslɯʔ
孖 *ʔslɯ, *zlɯs
子 *ʔslɯʔ
虸 *ʔslɯʔ
耔 *ʔslɯʔ
秄 *ʔslɯʔ
杍 *ʔslɯʔ
籽 *ʔslɯʔ
字 *zlɯs
茡 *zlɯs
芓 *zlɯs
牸 *zlɯs
李 *rɯʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 木 ‎(“tree”) + phonetic 子 ‎(OC *ʔslɯʔ).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 李
Mandarin Beijing /li²¹⁴/
Harbin /li²¹³/
Tianjin /li¹³/
Jinan /li⁵⁵/
Qingdao /li⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /li⁵³/
Xi'an /li⁵³/
Xining /l̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /li⁵³/
Lanzhou /li⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /li⁵¹/
Wuhan /ni⁴²/
Chengdu /ni⁵³/
Guiyang /ni⁴²/
Kunming /li⁵³/
Nanjing /li²¹²/
Hefei /zz̩²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /li⁵³/
Pingyao /li⁵³/
Hohhot /li⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /li²³/
Suzhou /li³¹/
Hangzhou /li⁵³/
Wenzhou /lei³⁵/
Hui Shexian /li³⁵/
Tunxi /li²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /li⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ni⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /li²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /li³¹/
Taoyuan /li³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lei²³/
Nanning /li²⁴/
Hong Kong /lei¹³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /li⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /li³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /li²¹/
/sɛ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /li⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /li²¹³/
Rime
Character 李
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 良士切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lɨX/
Li
Rong		 /liəX/
Wang
Li		 /lĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /liX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lǐ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 李
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ liX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.rəʔ/
English plum

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 李
Reading # 1/1
No. 17869
Phonetic
component		 子
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 里
Old
Chinese		 /*rɯʔ/

Noun

李

  1. plum

Proper noun

李

  1. A surname​, listed fourth in the Baijiaxing

Usage notes

In mainland China or among its expatriates, this name is generally romanized "Li" in accordance with the Hanyu Pinyin system. Although an identical transliteration is used in Wade-Giles, similarity to the English name has made the romanization "Lee" more common in Hong Kong and Taiwan. A notable example to this is Bruce Lee.

Descendants

  • English: Li, Lee
  • Tagalog: (from Hokkien) Sy

References

Japanese

Kanji

李

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. plum

Readings

Noun

李 ‎(hiragana すもも, romaji sumomo)

  1. plum (Prunus salicina)

Alternative forms

Proper noun

李 ‎(katakana リ, hiragana り, romaji Ri)

  1. Japanese reading of the Chinese or Korean surname.

李 ‎(katakana リー, hiragana りい, romaji Rī)

  1. Japanese reading of the Chinese surname.

李 ‎(katakana イ, hiragana い, romaji I)

  1. Japanese reading of the Korean surname.

Korean

Hanja

李 • ‎(ri, i)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 리, 이 (revised: Lee, (NK) ri, Rhee, (SK) i, I, McCune-Reischauer: (NK) ri, (SK) i, Yi, Yale: (NK) li, (SK) i)
  • Name (hangeul): 자두(Jadu)()
  1. (North Korea) 리, (South Korea) 이: the second most common surname in Korea
  2. (North Korea) 리, (South Korea) 이: plum

Vietnamese

Han character

李 (lí)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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