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Definition 2024
柴
柴
See also: 茈
Translingual
Han character
柴 (radical 75 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜心木 (YPD), four-corner 21904, composition ⿱此木)
References
- KangXi: page 521, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14664
- Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1197, character 11
- Unihan data for U+67F4
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
柴 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 柴
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (此) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 些 | *saːls, *sjaːl, *seːs |
| 跐 | *ʔsreːʔ, *ʔseʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ʔsreʔ |
| 柴 | *zreː |
| 祡 | *zreː |
| 茈 | *zreː, *ʔseʔ, *ze |
| 眦 | *zreːs |
| 砦 | *zraːds |
| 寨 | *zraːds, *slɯːɡ |
| 啙 | *ʔseː, *zeːʔ, *ʔseʔ |
| 泚 | *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ |
| 玼 | *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ze |
| 皉 | *sʰeːʔ |
| 鮆 | *zeːʔ, *ʔse |
| 眥 | *zeːs, *zes |
| 貲 | *ʔse |
| 髭 | *ʔse |
| 頾 | *ʔse |
| 訾 | *ʔse, *ʔseʔ |
| 鴜 | *ʔse, *ze |
| 鈭 | *ʔse, *sʰe |
| 姕 | *ʔse, *sʰe, *ze |
| 觜 | *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ |
| 紫 | *ʔseʔ |
| 訿 | *ʔseʔ |
| 呰 | *ʔseʔ |
| 嘴 | *ʔseʔ |
| 雌 | *sʰe |
| 此 | *sʰeʔ |
| 佌 | *sʰeʔ, *seʔ |
| 庛 | *sʰes |
| 疵 | *ze |
| 骴 | *ze, *zes |
| 胔 | *ze, *zes |
| 飺 | *ze |
| 齜 | *ʔsre |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zreː) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 木.
Etymology
Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chheu, “wood”) (ibid.).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): caai4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhèu
- Min Dong (BUC): chà
- Min Nan (POJ): chhâ
- Wu (Wiktionary): za (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˊ
- Wade-Giles: ch'ai2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chair
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: caai4
- Yale: chàaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai4
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰɑːi̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhèu
- Hakka Romanization System: ceuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ceu2
- IPA: /t͡sʰe̯u¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chà
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰa⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâ
- Tâi-lô: tshâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhaa
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰa²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰa²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰa²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: za (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻ᴀ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 柴 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰai³⁵/ |
| Harbin |
/t͡sʰai²⁴/ /ʈ͡ʂʰai²⁴/ |
|
| Tianjin | /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰai⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡sʰai²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡sʰai⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sʰai²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡sʰai³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡sʰai²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰæ³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰae²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰe̞⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan |
/t͡sʰai¹¹/ 片～ /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/ ～市巷 |
| Pingyao | /sæ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sʰɛ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /za²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zɑ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡ze̞²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /za³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /sa⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /sa⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sai¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /d͡zai¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰai²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰai¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sʰeu¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰai²¹/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sʰai²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sʰai²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/t͡sʰai³⁵/ /t͡sʰa³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡sʰa⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡sʰau³³/ 訓讀 | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰa⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/sai³¹/ /sa³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 柴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 佳 (31) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 士佳切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʒˠɛ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɖ͡ʐᵚæ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʒæi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɖ͡ʐaɨj/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡ʒɛ/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡ʒai/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɖ͡ʐʱai/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chái |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 柴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzrɛ › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[C.dz]ˤre(j)/ |
| English | firewood |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 柴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1688 |
| Phonetic component |
此 |
| Rime group |
支 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
柴 |
| Old Chinese |
/*zreː/ |
Definitions
柴
- faggot; bundle of sticks bound together (as fuel)
- firewood; brushwood; wood
- † to burn firewood and worship heaven
- †fuzz stick; old wood
- (dialectal) bony
- (dialectal) lean; hard to chew
- (Min) slow and inarticulate; dull
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 柴
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ
- Wade-Giles: chai4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jay
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zaai6
- Yale: jaaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai6
- IPA (key): /t͡sɑːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Definitions
柴
- † to fence; to surround and protect with fence (made of wood)
- † to cover; to place something over
- † to stop; to block; to obstruct
- †Alternative form of 寨 (zhài , “defending fence”).
- †Alternative form of 寨 (zhài , “villa”).
Compounds
Derived terms from 柴
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|
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Japanese
Kanji
柴
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柴 |
|
しば Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
柴 (hiragana しば, romaji shiba)
Proper noun
柴 (hiragana しば, romaji Shiba)
- A surname.
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3