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Definition 2024


See also:

Translingual

Han character

(radical 79 +7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 大金竹弓水 (KCHNE) or 大木竹弓水 (KDHNE), four-corner 47947, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 585, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16638
  • Dae Jaweon: page 978, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2157, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6BBA

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*sreːdss
*sreːds, *srads, *sreːd
*sreːds, *sreːd
*srads, *sreːd
*slaːd
*sreːd
*sreːd, *sred
*sʰraːd

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意) :  (spear) + [Term?] (hair) – a man impaled in the head.

In the bronze script, (“man”) was added under the hair to accentuate the killing of the man. In some bronze inscriptions, (“spear”) or was used in place of .

In the bamboo and silk script, symbol representing the man being killed corrupted into : (weapon for killing) + 𣎳. The seal script inherits this: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sreːds, *sreːd) : phonetic 𣏂 + semantic  (spear).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b-sat.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂa⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂa⁴⁴/
Tianjin /sɑ²¹/
Jinan /ʂa²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂa⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/
Xi'an /sa²¹/
Xining /sa⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂa¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂa¹³/
Ürümqi /sa²¹³/
Wuhan /sa²¹³/
Chengdu /sa³¹/
Guiyang /sa²¹/
Kunming /ʂa̠³¹/
Nanjing /ʂɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /saʔ²/
Pingyao /sʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /saʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /saʔ⁵/
Suzhou /saʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /sɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /sa²¹³/
Hui Shexian /saʔ²¹/
Tunxi /sɔ⁵/
Xiang Changsha /sa²⁴/
Xiangtan /sɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /saʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sat̚¹/
Taoyuan /sɑt̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sat̚³/
Nanning /sat̚³³/
Hong Kong /sɐt̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sat̚³²/
/suaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /suɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /suaʔ²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sa⁵⁵/
/tua⁵⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (21)
Final () (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʃˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʃᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʃæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʂəɨt̚/
Li
Rong
/ʃɛt̚/
Wang
Li
/ʃæt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʂat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
sha
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shā
Middle
Chinese
‹ srɛt ›
Old
Chinese
/*s<r>at/
English kill

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 11010
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sreːd/

Definitions

  1. to kill; to murder
  2. to hurt
Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

From (OC *sʰrol, *srul, “to diminish; to decay”) + final *-t (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (21)
Final () (33)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʃˠɛiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʃᵚæiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʃɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʂəɨjH/
Li
Rong
/ʃɛiH/
Wang
Li
/ʃɐiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʂăiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shài
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shài
Middle
Chinese
‹ srɛjH ›
Old
Chinese
/*s<r>at-s/
English diminish

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 11006
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sreːds/

Definitions

  1. to pare off; to diminish; to reduce; to clip
    [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: 荀子, 《樂論》
    Lóngshā zhī yì biàn yǐ. [Pinyin]
    The principle of increase and dimunution (of sumptuary allowances) is defined.

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to kill

Readings

Compounds


Korean

Hanja

(sal, soe) (hangeul , , McCune-Reischauer sal, soe, Yale sal, soy)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(sát, sái, sít, sịt, sướt, sét, sượt)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.