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Definition 2025

殺

殺

See also: 杀

Translingual

Han character

殺 (radical 79 殳+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 大金竹弓水 (KCHNE) or 大木竹弓水 (KDHNE), four-corner 47947, composition ⿰杀殳)

References

  • KangXi: page 585, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16638
  • Dae Jaweon: page 978, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2157, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6BBA

Chinese

trad. 殺
simp. 杀

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (杀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
閷 *sreːdss
鎩 *sreːds, *srads, *sreːd
殺 *sreːds, *sreːd
蔱 *srads, *sreːd
摋 *slaːd
煞 *sreːd
榝 *sreːd, *sred
刹 *sʰraːd

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 戈 ‎(“spear”) + [Term?] ‎(“hair”) – a man impaled in the head.

In the bronze script, 人 (“man”) was added under the hair to accentuate the killing of the man. In some bronze inscriptions, 殳 (“spear”) or 攴 was used in place of 戈.

In the bamboo and silk script, symbol representing the man being killed corrupted into 杀: 乂 ‎(“weapon for killing”) + 𣎳. The seal script inherits this: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sreːds, *sreːd) : phonetic 𣏂 + semantic 殳 ‎(“spear”).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b-sat.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 殺
Mandarin Beijing /ʂa⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂa⁴⁴/
Tianjin /sɑ²¹/
Jinan /ʂa²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂa⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/
Xi'an /sa²¹/
Xining /sa⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂa¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂa¹³/
Ürümqi /sa²¹³/
Wuhan /sa²¹³/
Chengdu /sa³¹/
Guiyang /sa²¹/
Kunming /ʂa̠³¹/
Nanjing /ʂɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /saʔ²/
Pingyao /sʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /saʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /saʔ⁵/
Suzhou /saʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /sɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /sa²¹³/
Hui Shexian /saʔ²¹/
Tunxi /sɔ⁵/
Xiang Changsha /sa²⁴/
Xiangtan /sɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /saʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sat̚¹/
Taoyuan /sɑt̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sat̚³/
Nanning /sat̚³³/
Hong Kong /sɐt̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sat̚³²/
/suaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /suɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /suaʔ²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sa⁵⁵/
/tua⁵⁵/
Rime
Character 殺
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 鎋 (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 所八切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂəɨt̚/
Li
Rong		 /ʃɛt̚/
Wang
Li		 /ʃæt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 sha
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 殺
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shā
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ srɛt ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s<r>at/
English kill

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 殺
Reading # 2/2
No. 11010
Phonetic
component		 杀
Rime
group		 月
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 殺
Old
Chinese		 /*sreːd/

Definitions

殺

  1. to kill; to murder
  2. to hurt
Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

From 衰 (OC *sʰrol, *srul, “to diminish; to decay”) + final *-t (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 殺
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 所拜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃˠɛiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃᵚæiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂəɨjH/
Li
Rong		 /ʃɛiH/
Wang
Li		 /ʃɐiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂăiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shài
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 殺
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ srɛjH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s<r>at-s/
English diminish

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 殺
Reading # 1/2
No. 11006
Phonetic
component		 杀
Rime
group		 祭
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 鎩
Old
Chinese		 /*sreːds/

Definitions

殺

  1. to pare off; to diminish; to reduce; to clip
    隆殺之義辨矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    隆杀之义辨矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: 荀子, 《樂論》
    Lóngshā zhī yì biàn yǐ. [Pinyin]
    The principle of increase and dimunution (of sumptuary allowances) is defined.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

殺

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to kill

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

殺 • ‎(sal, soe) (hangeul 살, 쇠, McCune-Reischauer sal, soe, Yale sal, soy)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

殺 (sát, sái, sít, sịt, sướt, sét, sượt)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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