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Definition 2024

社

社

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

社 (radical 113 示+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈火土 (IFG), four-corner 34210, composition ⿰礻土)

References

  • KangXi: page 839, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24631
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1257, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2386, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+793E

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 社

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 社
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
社 *ɦljaːʔ
肚 *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏 *l̥ʰaːʔ
杜 *l'aːʔ
靯 *l'aːʔ
荰 *l'aːʔ

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 社
Mandarin Beijing /ʂɤ⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /ʂɤ⁵³/
/sɤ⁵³/
Jinan /ʂə²¹/
Qingdao /ʃə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩ɛ³¹²/
Xi'an /ʂɤ⁴⁴/
Xining /ʂɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʂə¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂə¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /sɤ³⁵/
Chengdu /se¹³/
Guiyang /t͡se²¹³/
Kunming /ʂə²¹²/
Nanjing /ʂae⁴⁴/
/ʂe⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʂe⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /sɤ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ʂʐ̩e̞³⁵/
Hohhot /sɤ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zo²³/
Suzhou /zo³¹/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷei¹³/
Wenzhou /zei³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɕie³⁵/
/ɕia³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕia²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂə⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ʂe⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɑ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /sa⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ʃɑ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛ²³/
Nanning /sɛ²⁴/
Hong Kong /sɛ¹³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sia²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sia²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ia⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sia³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /te³³/
/se³⁵/ 俗
Rime
Character 社
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 常者切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑiaX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiaX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑiaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑiaX/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiaX/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭaX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯aX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shè
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 社
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyæX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-tʰAʔ/
English sacrifice to the spirit of the soil

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 社
Reading # 1/1
No. 12497
Phonetic
component		 土
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 社
Old
Chinese		 /*ɦljaːʔ/

Definitions

社

  1. god of the soil
  2. altars to the god of the soil
  3. group of families
  4. company; society

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

社

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Noun

社 ‎(hiragana やしろ, romaji yashiro)

  1. a shrine

Suffix

社 ‎(hiragana しゃ, romaji -sha)

  1. Abbreviation of 会社 (かいしゃ kaisha) "company."; co.
  2. When in parentheses, an abbreviation of 社団法人 (しゃだんほうじん shadan hōjin), a type of incorporated association.

Coordinate terms

Korean

Hanja

社 • ‎(sa) (hangeul 사)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

社 (xã)

  1. rural commune (administrative subdivision of Vietnam)

Compounds

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