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Definition 2024


Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 140 +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿日十 (TAJ), four-corner 44406, composition)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 1030, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30945
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1489, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3203, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+8349

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ʔsuːʔ
*sʰuːʔ
*sʰuːʔ
*sʰuːʔ
*zuːʔ
*zuːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰuːʔ) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *ʔsuːʔ).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sʰɑu²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡sʰau²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡sʰɑu¹³/
Jinan /t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰau⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡sʰau⁵³/
Xining /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰɔ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰau⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡sʰau⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡sʰao⁴²/
Kunming /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
Nanjing /t͡sʰɔo²¹²/
Hefei /t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰau⁵³/
Pingyao /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰæ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰɜ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡sʰə³¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰau⁴¹/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰaɯ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɑu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰau³¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰo³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰou³⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰu³⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰou³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰo⁵³/
/t͡sʰau⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰau³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰau²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰau⁵³/
/t͡sʰo⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sau²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (14)
Final () (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰawX/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰɑuX/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
cǎo
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
cǎo cǎo
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshawX › ‹ tshawX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]ˤuʔ/ /*[tsʰ]ˤuʔ/
English grass, plants rough, coarse

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16547
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰuːʔ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. grass; straw; thatch
  2. herbal grasses; herbs
  3. (by extension) any such green, leafy plant without any bark (plants, not trees)
  4. draft; sketch
  5. sloppy; hasty
  6. (calligraphy) Short for 草書草书 (cǎoshū, “cursive script (grass script)”).

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Synonyms

References

  • New Nelson: 5032
  • Halpern: 2263
  • Halpern Learners: 1450
  • Heisig: 224
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 3k6.13
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
くさ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana くさ, romaji kusa)

  1. grass; a weed
  2. a herb
See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
そう
Grade: 1
on'yomi

/sau//sɔː/soː

From Middle Chinese (tshawX).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana そう, romaji , historical hiragana さう)

  1. grass
  2. a draft, a rough copy
  3. cursive, calligraphy in a running hand
  4. something unofficial, an informal abbreviation or knock-off
Synonyms

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

(cho)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul):  (McCune-Reischauer: ch'o, Yale: cho)
  • Name (hangeul): ()
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(thảo, tháu, xáo thượng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References