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Definition 2025
防
防
Translingual
Han character
防 (radical 170 阜+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 弓中卜竹尸 (NLYHS), four-corner 70227, composition ⿰⻖方)
References
- KangXi: page 1347, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41576
- Dae Jaweon: page 1848, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4118, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9632
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
防 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (方) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 縍 | *paːŋ |
| 榜 | *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 蒡 | *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ |
| 牓 | *paːŋʔ |
| 螃 | *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ |
| 搒 | *paːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 舫 | *paːŋs, *paŋs |
| 謗 | *paːŋs |
| 雱 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 磅 | *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ |
| 霶 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 滂 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 鎊 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 髈 | *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ |
| 彷 | *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ |
| 趽 | *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs |
| 房 | *baːŋ, *baŋ |
| 篣 | *baːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 騯 | *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 傍 | *baːŋ, *baːŋs |
| 膀 | *baːŋ |
| 旁 | *baːŋ |
| 徬 | *baːŋs |
| 閍 | *praːŋ |
| 祊 | *praːŋ |
| 嗙 | *praːŋ |
| 方 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 汸 | *paŋ |
| 坊 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 邡 | *paŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 枋 | *paŋ |
| 鈁 | *paŋ |
| 蚄 | *paŋ |
| 肪 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 鴋 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 牥 | *paŋ |
| 昉 | *paŋʔ |
| 瓬 | *paŋʔ |
| 放 | *paŋʔ, *paŋs |
| 倣 | *paŋʔ |
| 芳 | *pʰaŋ |
| 淓 | *pʰaŋ |
| 妨 | *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 紡 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 仿 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 髣 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 鶭 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 訪 | *pʰaŋs |
| 防 | *baŋ, *baŋs |
| 魴 | *baŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *baŋ, *baŋs) : semantic ⻖ + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fong4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fòng
- Min Dong (BUC): hòng / huòng
- Min Nan (POJ): hông
- Wu (Wiktionary): baan (T3); vaan (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ
- Wade-Giles: fang2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fangr
- IPA (key): /fɑŋ³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: fong4
- Yale: fòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: fong4
- IPA (key): /fɔːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fòng
- Hakka Romanization System: fongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fong2
- IPA: /foŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hòng / huòng
- IPA (key): /houŋ⁵³/, /huoŋ⁵³/
- Note: hòng - vernacular; huòng - literary.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
- Tâi-lô: hông
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
- IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 防 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /fɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Harbin |
/faŋ²⁴/ ~備 /faŋ²¹³/ 國~ |
|
| Tianjin | /fɑŋ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /faŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /faŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /faŋ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /faŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /fɔ̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /fɑŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /fɑ̃⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /fɑŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /faŋ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /faŋ³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /faŋ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /fã̠³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /faŋ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /fɑ̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /fɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Pingyao |
/xuɑŋ¹³/ /xuə¹³/ |
|
| Hohhot | /fɑ̃³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai |
/bɑ̃²³/ /vɑ̃²³/ |
| Suzhou |
/bɑ̃¹³/ /vɑ̃¹³/ |
|
| Hangzhou | /bɑŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɦuɔ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /fo⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /fau⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /fan¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɦɔn¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fɔŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /foŋ¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /foŋ¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fɔŋ²¹/ |
| Nanning | /fɔŋ²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /fɔŋ²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /hɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /houŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /pɔŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /huaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /faŋ³¹/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 防 | 防 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 符方切 | 符況切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/bʉɐŋ/ | /bʉɐŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/bʷiɐŋ/ | /bʷiɐŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/biuɑŋ/ | /biuɑŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/buaŋ/ | /buaŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/biuaŋ/ | /biuaŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/bĭwaŋ/ | /bĭwaŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/bʱiwaŋ/ | /bʱiwaŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
fáng | fàng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 防 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
fáng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ bjang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[m-p]aŋ/ |
| English | dike |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 防 | 防 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3053 | 3059 |
| Phonetic component |
方 | 方 |
| Rime group |
陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
房 | 防 |
| Old Chinese |
/*baŋ/ | /*baŋs/ |
Definitions
防
- †dam; embankment
- †fortress; stronghold
- † to dam; to block; to build an embankment
- to prevent; to guard against
- to defend; to protect
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 防
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Japanese
Kanji
防
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Readings
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
防 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune-Reischauer pang, Yale pang)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
防 (phòng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Nôm: phòng
Compounds
- phòng bệnh [防病]