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Definition 2024

防

防

Translingual

Han character

防 (radical 170 阜+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 弓中卜竹尸 (NLYHS), four-corner 70227, composition ⿰⻖方)

References

  • KangXi: page 1347, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41576
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1848, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4118, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9632

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 防

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (方) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
縍 *paːŋ
榜 *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ
蒡 *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ
牓 *paːŋʔ
螃 *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ
搒 *paːŋs, *braːŋ
舫 *paːŋs, *paŋs
謗 *paːŋs
雱 *pʰaːŋ
磅 *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ
霶 *pʰaːŋ
滂 *pʰaːŋ
鎊 *pʰaːŋ
髈 *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ
彷 *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ
趽 *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs
房 *baːŋ, *baŋ
篣 *baːŋ, *braːŋ
騯 *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ
傍 *baːŋ, *baːŋs
膀 *baːŋ
旁 *baːŋ
徬 *baːŋs
閍 *praːŋ
祊 *praːŋ
嗙 *praːŋ
方 *paŋ, *baŋ
汸 *paŋ
坊 *paŋ, *baŋ
邡 *paŋ, *pʰaŋs
枋 *paŋ
鈁 *paŋ
蚄 *paŋ
肪 *paŋ, *baŋ
鴋 *paŋ, *baŋ
牥 *paŋ
昉 *paŋʔ
瓬 *paŋʔ
放 *paŋʔ, *paŋs
倣 *paŋʔ
芳 *pʰaŋ
淓 *pʰaŋ
妨 *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs
紡 *pʰaŋʔ
仿 *pʰaŋʔ
髣 *pʰaŋʔ
鶭 *pʰaŋʔ
訪 *pʰaŋs
防 *baŋ, *baŋs
魴 *baŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *baŋ, *baŋs) : semantic ⻖ + phonetic 方 ‎(OC *paŋ, *baŋ).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 防
Mandarin Beijing /fɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /faŋ²⁴/ ～備
/faŋ²¹³/ 國～
Tianjin /fɑŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /faŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /faŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /faŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /faŋ²⁴/
Xining /fɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /fɑŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /fɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /fɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /faŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /faŋ³¹/
Guiyang /faŋ²¹/
Kunming /fã̠³¹/
Nanjing /faŋ²⁴/
Hefei /fɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /fɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /xuɑŋ¹³/
/xuə¹³/
Hohhot /fɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /bɑ̃²³/
/vɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /bɑ̃¹³/
/vɑ̃¹³/
Hangzhou /bɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦuɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /fo⁴⁴/
Tunxi /fau⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /fan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /fɔŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /foŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /foŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɔŋ²¹/
Nanning /fɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /fɔŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hɔŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /houŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /huaŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /faŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 防 防
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 陽 (106) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 符方切 符況切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bʉɐŋ/ /bʉɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /bʷiɐŋ/ /bʷiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /biuɑŋ/ /biuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /buaŋ/ /buaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /biuaŋ/ /biuaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /bĭwaŋ/ /bĭwaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱiwaŋ/ /bʱiwaŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fáng fàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 防
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fáng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bjang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[m-p]aŋ/
English dike

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 防 防
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3053 3059
Phonetic
component		 方 方
Rime
group		 陽 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 房 防
Old
Chinese		 /*baŋ/ /*baŋs/

Definitions

防

  1. †dam; embankment
  2. †fortress; stronghold
  3. † to dam; to block; to build an embankment
  4. to prevent; to guard against
  5. to defend; to protect
  6. A surname​.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

防

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

防 • ‎(bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune-Reischauer pang, Yale pang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

防 (phòng)

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Readings

  • Nôm: phòng

Compounds

  • phòng bệnh [防病]

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