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Definition 2025

除

除

Translingual

Han character

除 (radical 170 阜+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人一木 (NLOMD), four-corner 78294, composition ⿰⻖余)

References

  • KangXi: page 1352, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41669
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1854, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4132, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9664

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 除

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 除
Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斜 *lja, *laː
茶 *rlaː
荼 *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː
梌 *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽 *rlaː
塗 *rlaː, *l'aː
佘 *ɦlja
賒 *hljaː
畬 *hljaː, *la
舍 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
捨 *hljaːʔ
騇 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
涻 *hljaːs
稌 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
悇 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
庩 *l̥ʰaː
捈 *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
途 *l'aː
酴 *l'aː
駼 *l'aː
鵌 *l'aː, *la
涂 *l'aː, *l'a
嵞 *l'aː
峹 *l'aː
筡 *l'aː, *l̥ʰa
蒤 *l'aː
徐 *lja
俆 *lja
叙 *ljaʔ
漵 *ljaʔ
除 *l'a, *l'as
篨 *rla
滁 *rla
蒢 *rla
蜍 *ɦlja, *la
鵨 *hljaː
瑹 *hlja
余 *la
餘 *la
艅 *la
狳 *la
雓 *la
悆 *las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'a, *l'as) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 余 ‎(OC *la).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 除 除
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 澄 (11) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 魚 (22) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 直魚切 遟倨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɖɨʌ/ /ɖɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖiɔ/ /ɖiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȡiɔ/ /ȡiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖɨə̆/ /ɖɨə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /ȡiɔ/ /ȡiɔH/
Wang
Li		 /ȡĭo/ /ȡĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȡʱi̯wo/ /ȡʱi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chú zhù
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 除 除
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chú zhù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ drjo › ‹ drjoH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[l]<r>a/ /*lra-s/
English remove; get rid of pass away

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 除 除
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 15788 15793
Phonetic
component		 余 余
Rime
group		 魚 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 除 箸
Old
Chinese		 /*l'a/ /*l'as/

Definitions

除

  1. to remove; to get rid of
  2. to exclude
  3. (archaic) to be assigned to a new post; to stop serving in one post, and begin serving in another
  4. except
  5. (mathematics) to divide; division

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

除

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

除 • ‎(je)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 제 (revised: je, McCune-Reischauer: che, Yale: cey)
  • Name (hangeul): 덜()
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

除 (trừ, chờ, chừ, chừa, hờ, khừ, xờ, dơ, giờ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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