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Definition 2024

荼

荼

See also: 苶 and 茶

Translingual

Han character

荼 (radical 140 艸+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿人一木 (TOMD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹余)

  1. bitter vegetable
  2. thistle
  3. common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus)
  4. bitter (taste)
  5. cruel
  6. flowering grass in profusion

References

  • KangXi: page 1032, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31008
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1492, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3221, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+837C

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 荼

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 荼
Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斜 *lja, *laː
茶 *rlaː
荼 *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː
梌 *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽 *rlaː
塗 *rlaː, *l'aː
佘 *ɦlja
賒 *hljaː
畬 *hljaː, *la
舍 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
捨 *hljaːʔ
騇 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
涻 *hljaːs
稌 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
悇 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
庩 *l̥ʰaː
捈 *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
途 *l'aː
酴 *l'aː
駼 *l'aː
鵌 *l'aː, *la
涂 *l'aː, *l'a
嵞 *l'aː
峹 *l'aː
筡 *l'aː, *l̥ʰa
蒤 *l'aː
徐 *lja
俆 *lja
叙 *ljaʔ
漵 *ljaʔ
除 *l'a, *l'as
篨 *rla
滁 *rla
蒢 *rla
蜍 *ɦlja, *la
鵨 *hljaː
瑹 *hlja
余 *la
餘 *la
艅 *la
狳 *la
雓 *la
悆 *las

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 荼 荼 荼
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 船 (27) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 麻 (100) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) I III II
Fanqie 同都切 食遮切 宅加切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /duo/ /ʑia/ /ɖˠa/
Pan
Wuyun		 /duo/ /ʑia/ /ɖᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		 /do/ /ʑia/ /ȡa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /dɔ/ /ʑia/ /ɖaɨ/
Li
Rong		 /do/ /d͡ʑia/ /ȡa/
Wang
Li		 /du/ /d͡ʑĭa/ /ȡa/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱuo/ /d͡ʑʰi̯a/ /ȡʱa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tú shé chá
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 荼
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chá
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dræ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*lˤra/
English (name of a plant)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 荼 荼 荼
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 15748 15761 15776
Phonetic
component		 余 余 余
Rime
group		 魚 魚 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 𡨀 蛇 徒
Old
Chinese		 /*rlaː/ /*ɦlja/ /*l'aː/

Definitions

荼

  1. (archaic) Sonchus oleraceus
  2. (archaic) Ixeris chinensis
  3. (archaic) Ixeris denticulata

Usage notes

  • 荼 can refer to one of several types of bitter tasting vegetables. Early Chinese texts are rather vague in their description. This makes it difficult to determine which species it originally referred to.

References

  • “國語辭典”, in (Please provide the title of the work) (in Chinese), accessed 2007
  • “苦菜”, in (Please provide the title of the work) (in Mandarin), Baidu.com, accessed 2007
  • “Ixeris chinensis”, in (Please provide the title of the work) (in English), accessed 2007

Japanese

Kanji

荼

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Vietnamese

Han character

荼 (đồ, dưa, giưa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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