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Definition 2024


See also:

Translingual

Han character

(radical 170 +8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人戈戈 (NLOII), four-corner 78231, composition)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 1353, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41691
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1855, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4138, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9670

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʰluːm'
*l̥ʰuːmʔ
*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
*qʰɯːm
*qʰɯːm
*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
*ɡɯːms
*ɡɯːms
*qɯːm, *qaːb
*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
*krɯːm
*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
*ɡram
*ɡram
*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
*nɯːms
*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
*sɢrɯm
*sɡrɯm
*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
*sɡrɯm
*ɡjɯms
*krɯm
*krɯm
*krɯm
*kʰrɯm
*kʰrɯmʔ
*kʰrɯms
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯms
*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
*ŋɡrɯm
*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
*qrɯm
*qrɯm
*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
*qrɯms
*qrɯms
*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (34)
Final () (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () Chongniu III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔjim/
Li
Rong
/ʔjəm/
Wang
Li
/ĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yīn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yīn
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔim ›
Old
Chinese
/*q(r)um/
English dark

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6623
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qrɯm/

Definitions

  1. cloudy, overcast
  2. dark
  3. hidden, secret
  4. negative
  5. The Moon
  6. shade, shadow
  7. (philosophy) "female" principle; yin in yin-yang

Antonyms

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. hidden
  2. dark
  3. negative

Readings

Compounds

Synonyms

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
かげ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana かげ, romaji kage)

  1. shadow, shade
    木の
    a shadow of a tree
  2. hidden side
    で動き回る
    maneuver in a hidden side
    陰の支配者
    a hidden ruler
See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
いん
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Middle Chinese (ʔˠiɪm).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. yin

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
ほと
Grade: S
kun'yomi

/hoto2/: *[potə] → [ɸoto] → [hoto]. As indicated in the Wamyōshō citation, /to2/ may be related to (/to1/, place, location), but the phonological difference can not be explained. Perhaps related to Korean 보지 (poji, ****).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana ほと, romaji hoto)

  1. female genitalia
    • 712, Kojiki
      因生此子、美蕃登此三字以音。見灸而病臥在。
    • 712, Kojiki
      逆剥天斑馬剥而、所墮入時、天服織女見驚而、於梭衝陰上而死。訓陰上云富登
  2. (by extension) male genitalia
    • 931938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 2, page 44-45:
      陰 釋名云、陰、今案玉茎玉門等通稱也 [...] 原書無其字按神代紀、「陰訓保止、保是含包之言、即所謂在陰翳之義、止、處也」 [...]
Synonyms

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

(eum) (hangeul , McCune-Reischauer ŭm, Yale um)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds


Okinawan

Kanji

(hiragana ほー, romaji )

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese (hoto).

Noun

(hiragana ほー, romaji )

  1. female genitalia

Derived terms

References

  • 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”), 1963

Vietnamese

Han character

(âm, ơm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds