Breton

Proper noun

Per

1. A male given name, equivalent to Peter.

Danish

Etymology

From Danish Petrus. First recorded in Denmark ca. 1350.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /per/, [pʰeɐ̯]

Proper noun

Per

1. A male given name.

Related terms

• Peter

References

• Danskernes Navne, based on CPR data: 41 939 males with the given name Per have been registered in Denmark between about 1890 (=the population alive in 1967) and January 2005, with the frequency peak in the 1960s. Accessed on May 9th, 2011.

Faroese

Proper noun

Per m

1. A male given name.

Usage notes

Patronymics

• son of Per: Persson
• daughter of Per: Persdóttir

Declension

German

Alternative forms

• Peer

Etymology

From Swedish [Term?], Norwegian [Term?] and Danish Per in the 19th century.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -eːɐ̯

Proper noun

Per ? ‎(genitive Per)

1. A male given name.

Norwegian

Alternative forms

• Peer (less common)

Etymology

From Latin Petrus. First recorded in Norway ca. 1440.

Proper noun

Per

1. A male given name.

Usage notes

• Traditionally popular in Norway. Also a common first part of conjoined names such as Per-Olav or Per-Erik.

Related terms

• Peder
• Peer
• Peter
• Petter

References

• Kristoffer Kruken - Ola Stemshaug: Norsk personnamnleksikon, Det Norske Samlaget, Oslo 1995, ISBN 82-521-4483-7
• Statistisk sentralbyrå, Namnestatistikk: 40 795 males with the given name Per living in Norway on January 1st 2011, with the frequency peak in the 1940s. Accessed on April 29th, 2011.

Swedish

Alternative forms

• Pär

Etymology

From Latin Petrus. First recorded in Sweden in 1428.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -æːr

Proper noun

Per

1. A male given name.

Usage notes

• Traditionally popular in Sweden. Also a common first part of conjoined names such as Per-Olof or Per-Åke.

Related terms

• Peter
• Petter
• Persson

See also

• Percy
• Pernilla

References

• Roland Otterbjörk: Svenska förnamn, Almqvist & Wiksell 1996, ISBN 91-21-10937-0
• Statistiska centralbyrån and Sture Allén, Staffan Wåhlin, Förnamnsboken, Norstedts 1995, ISBN 9119551622: 168 066 males with the given Per name living in Sweden on December 31st, 2010, with the frequency peak in the 1960s. Accessed on May 9th, 2011.

English

Preposition

per

1. for each

   Admission is £10 per person.

2. to each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units)

   miles per gallon

   beats per minute

3. (medicine) via (the), by (the), through (the) (followed by Latin name for an orifice)

   Introduce the endoscope per nasum.

   The medication is to be administered per os.

4. in accordance with

   I parked my car at the curb per your request.

Usage notes

• The preposition per is typically followed by a singular noun phrase with no determiner.

  Take one pill per day, not *Take one pill per a day.

• It is sometimes followed by plural noun phrases, almost always determined by 100, 1,000, 10,000, etc.

  The abortion rate in the U.S. has dropped since 1980 from nearly 30 per 1,000 women of childbearing age to less than 20.

Synonyms

• (abbreviation) p , p. , /

Derived terms

Related terms

• per- (as in perfect, perfection and perplex)

Translations

Etymology 2

shortening of person, coined by Marge Piercy in Woman on the Edge of Time (1979)

Pronoun

per ‎(third-person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative per, possessive adjective pers, possessive noun pers, reflexive perself)

1. (neologism) they (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
   • 1997 April 22, "Anthony and Joy Hilbert" (username), "ASB: Info PDQ please re local group rules", in alt.sex.bondage, Usenet:

     This is the same place the Houghtons came from? The place where someone we interacted with thought of going into law as a profession, decided per couldn't because per was a bdsmer, and most of the USAmerican bdsmers per was discussing it with agreed with per?

2. (neologism) them (singular) Gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, grammatically equivalent to the gendered him and her.
   • 1997 April 22, "Anthony and Joy Hilbert" (username), "ASB: Info PDQ please re local group rules", in alt.sex.bondage, Usenet:

     This is the same place the Houghtons came from? The place where someone we interacted with thought of going into law as a profession, decided per couldn't because per was a bdsmer, and most of the USAmerican bdsmers per was discussing it with agreed with per?

   • 1998, Phelps, Katherine, “Odysseus, She”, in Storytronics:

     "Kalypso!" I call out as phe disappears on the horizon. I did not know it, but I loved per.

   • 2006 November 15, Richard Ekins, Dave King, The transgender phenomenon, Sage Publications, ISBN 9780761971634, LCCN 2006920988, LCC HQ77.9.E55 2006, page 160:

     Whereas Christie had flirted with a lesbian identity prior to surgery, following surgery Christie found perself able to pursue per attraction to men, provided they related to per as a non-gendered person.

Derived terms

• (neologism) perself

Synonyms

• (singular) they
• (neologism) ey, e, sie, shi, ze

Hyponyms

• (as subject): he, she
• (as object): him, her

Adjective

per ‎(not comparable)

1. (neologism) Belonging to per, their (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular possessive adjective, coordinate with gendered his and her.
   • 2006, Richard Ekins, Dave King, The transgender phenomenon, Sage Publications, ISBN 9780761971634, LCCN 2006920988, LCC HQ77.9.E55 2006, page 160:

     Whereas Christie had flirted with a lesbian identity prior to surgery, following surgery Christie found perself able to pursue per attraction to men, provided they related to per as a non-gendered person.

Derived terms

• (neologism) pers

Synonyms

• (singular) their
• (neologism) eir, hir

Hyponyms

• his, her

See also

• other attested and proposed gender-neutral pronouns

Statistics

Anagrams

• ERP, pre, Rep, rep, RPE

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• peru

Etymology 1

From Latin pilus. Compare Daco-Romanian păr.

Noun

per

1. hair

Related terms

• piros

Etymology 2

From Latin pirus. Compare Daco-Romanian păr.

Noun

per

1. pear tree

Related terms

• pearã

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin per.

Preposition

per

1. by means of, by way of, by
2. for

   per trés díes‎

   for three days

3. through

Derived terms

Breton

Etymology

Compare Cornish per, Welsh pêr.

Noun

per f ‎(singulative perenn)

1. pears

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin per.

Preposition

per

1. Through, via: used in indicating the medium through which passage occurs.
2. At, during, in: used in indicating the time at which an event occurs.
3. During, for: used in indicating the duration of time for which an event occurs.
4. Because, because of: used in indicating the reason an action was undertaken.
5. (when followed by a verbal noun) Used in indicating the activity one intends to do because of an action.

   El meu germà anirà a Tahití per vacar a la platja.‎

   My brother will go to Tahiti (in order) to vacation on the beach.

6. By: used in indicating the agent responsible for an action.
7. For each; for every.
8. A, for, per: used in indicating a rate of exchange.

Usage notes

• When the preposition per is followed by a masculine definite article, el (sg) or els (pl), it is contracted with it to the forms pel (sg) or pels (pl) respectively. If el would be elided to the form l’ becuse it is before a word beginning with a vowel, the elision to per l’ takes precedence over contracting to pel.

Derived terms

Cornish

Etymology

Compare Breton per, Welsh pêr.

Noun

per f ‎(singulative peren)

1. pears

Danish

Preposition

per (abbreviated pr.)

1. For each; for every

   Motoren roterer 1000 gange per minut.‎

   The engine rotates 1000 times per minute.

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɛr

Preposition

per

1. For each; for every; per

   De motor draait 1000 toeren per minuut.‎

   The engine goes 1000 revolutions per minute.

2. by means of

   Kom je per auto of per spoor?‎

   Are you coming by car or by rail?

Anagrams

• rep

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowing from Latin per.

Preposition

per

1. by means of, with

   Li skribis per plumo.‎

   He wrote with a pen.

See also

• kun

German

Preposition

per

1. per, via, by

Hungarian

Etymology

Back-formation from perel. ^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɛr]
• Hyphenation: per

Noun

per ‎(plural perek)

1. (law) action, suit, lawsuit

Declension

Derived terms

• alperes
• felperes
• peres
• pereskedik

References

1. ↑ Gábor Zaicz, Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete, Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, ISBN 963 7094 01 6

Ido

Etymology

From Esperanto per, from English per, French par, Italian per, Spanish por, ultimately from Latin per, from Proto-Indo-European *per.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /per/, /pɛɾ/

Preposition

per

1. by means of, by, with (some means)

   Ilu batis me per bastono.‎

   He beat me with a stick.

2. (mathematics) multiplied by, times

   Quar per kin esas duadek.‎

   Four times five is twenty.

   Un per un esas un.‎

   One times one is one.

Derived terms

• per ke ‎(“through the fact that”)

See also

• da ‎(“by”)
• kun ‎(“with (in company with)”)

Italian

Etymology

From Latin per.^[1]

Preposition

per

1. for
2. through
3. in or on
4. by
5. with
6. as

Usage notes

• When followed by the definite article, per can be combined with the article to give the following combined forms (old-fashioned, very rarely used):

per + article	Combined form
per + il	pel
per + lo	pello
per + l'	pell'
per + i	pei
per + gli	pegli
per + la	pella
per + le	pelle

Derived terms

References

1. ↑ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin per.

Preposition

per

1. for
2. through
3. in or on
4. by
5. with
6. as

Latin

Alternative forms

• ꝑ (Mediaeval sigil)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *peri. Cognates include Ancient Greek περί ‎(perí), Sanskrit परि ‎(pári), Lithuanian per and English for.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /per/

Preposition

per

1. (with accusative) through, by means of
2. (with accusative) during

Derived terms

Descendants

References

• per in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• per in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Meissner, Carl; Auden, Henry William (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to bring a stream of water through the garden: aquam ducere per hortum
    
  • to cut one's way (through the enemies' ranks): ferro viam facere (per confertos hostes)
    
  • to spread over the whole body: per totum corpus diffundi
    
  • to pass a thing from hand to hand: de manu in manus or per manus tradere aliquid
    
  • in a dream: per somnum, in somnis
    
  • in a dream: per quietem, in quiete
    
  • under the pretext, pretence of..: per causam (with Gen.)
    
  • when occasion offers; as opportunity occurs: per occasionem
    
  • a report is spreading imperceptibly: fama serpit (per urbem)
    
  • to be in every one's mouth: per omnium ora ferri
    
  • to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere
    
  • to take a false step: per errorem labi, or simply labi
    
  • I said it in jest: haec iocatus sum, per iocum dixi
    
  • to correspond with some one: colloqui cum aliquo per litteras
    
  • apparently; to look at: per speciem (alicuius rei)
    
  • under pretext, pretence of..: per simulationem, simulatione alicuius rei
    
  • by craft: per dolum (B. G. 4. 13)
    
  • in sport, mockery: per ludibrium
    
  • men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles
    
  • to transfix, pierce a man's breast with one's sword: gladio aliquem per pectus transfigere (Liv. 2. 46)
    
  • to force a way, a passage: iter tentare per vim (cf. sect. II. 3)
    
  • to break through the enemy's centre: per medios hostes (mediam hostium aciem) perrumpere
    
  • to lead some one in triumph: per triumphum (in triumpho) aliquem ducere
    
  • that is self-evident, goes without saying: hoc per se intellegitur
    
  • I have no objection: per me licet
    
• per in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Latvian

Verb

per

1. 2nd person singular present indicative form of pērt
2. 3rd person singular present indicative form of pērt
3. 3rd person plural present indicative form of pērt
4. 2nd person singular imperative form of pērt
5. (with the particle lai) 3rd person singular imperative form of pērt
6. (with the particle lai) 3rd person plural imperative form of pērt

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *peri. Cognates include Ancient Greek περί ‎(perí), Sanskrit परि ‎(pári), Latin per and English for.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pʲɛr]

Preposition

per ‎(with accusative)

1. through
2. during

Lojban

Rafsi

per

1. rafsi of perli.

Norwegian

Etymology

Borrowing from Latin per (related to native for).

Preposition

per (abbreviated pr.)

1. For each, for every, per.

   Motoren roterer 1000 ganger per minutt.‎ ― The engine rotates 1000 times per minute.

   per porsjon‎ ― for each portion

   per dag‎ ― per day

Synonyms

• (for each): for hver, i, om

Novial

Preposition

per

1. by means of

Romani

Etymology

From Borrowing from Old Armenian փոր ‎(pʿor, “belly, abdomen”).

Noun

per f ‎(plural pera)

1. abdomen, belly

Derived terms

• peréskero

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “փոր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, published 1926–1935
• Paspati, Alexandre G. (1870), “per”, in Études sur les Tchinghianés; ou, Bohémiens de l'Empire ottoman (in French), Constantinople: Impr. A. Koroméla, page 422

Swedish

Pronunciation

Preposition

per

1. For each; for every

   Motorn roterar 1000 varv per minut.‎

   The engine goes 1000 revolutions per minute.

Volapük

Noun

per ‎(plural pers)

1. loss

Declension

Derived terms

• peräd
• perot
• perön