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Definition 2025
vos
vos
Catalan
Etymology
Pronoun
vos (enclitic, contracted us, proclitic us)
- you (plural, direct or indirect object)
Declension
Dutch
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɔs
Etymology
From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
Noun
vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin)
- (zoology) Canis vulpes, fox
- (in full vossebont) fox fur
- (figuratively, commonly with the pleonastic epitheton lepe) a crafty, ingenious person
- Koen is een lepe vos, die laat zich niet in de luren leggen.
- Conrad is a sly fox, he does not allow himself to be hoodwinked.
- Koen is een lepe vos, die laat zich niet in de luren leggen.
- (in full vospaard) horse with red or red-brown fur
Derived terms
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Descendants
- Afrikaans: vos
Verb
vos
French
Etymology
From Old French vos, probably from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”).
Pronunciation
Determiner
vos pl
- plural of votre
Related terms
| Possessee | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| Masculine | Feminine | — | ||||
| Possessor | Singular | First person | mon | ma | mes | |
| Second person | ton | ta | tes | |||
| Third person | son | sa | ses | |||
| Plural | First person | notre | nos | |||
| Second person | votre | vos | ||||
| Third person | leur | leurs | ||||
Galician
Etymology
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronoun
vos accusative and dative (nominative vós, oblique vós)
- (to) you (dative plural second-person personal pronoun)
- you (accusative plural second-person personal pronoun)
- yourselves (reflexive plural second-person personal pronoun)
See also
Latin
Etymology
From Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /woːs/
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /voːs/
Pronoun
vōs
Inflection
Personal pronoun declension.
| Singular | First-person | Second-person | Reflexive |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | egō | tū | — |
| genitive | meī | tuī | suī |
| dative | mihi | tibi | sibi |
| accusative | mē | tē | sē, sēsē |
| ablative | mē | tē | sē, sēsē |
| vocative | egō | tū | — |
| possessive | meus | tuus | suus |
| Plural | First-person | Second-person | Reflexive |
| nominative | nōs | vōs | — |
| genitive | nostrī, nostrum | vestrī, vestrum | suī |
| dative | nōbīs | vōbīs | sibi |
| accusative | nōs | vōs | sē, sēsē |
| ablative | nōbīs | vōbīs | sē, sēsē |
| vocative | nōs | vōs | — |
| possessive | noster | vester, voster | suus |
Usage notes
When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).
Derived terms
See also
| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
| Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
| Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
| Third | Masculine | is | eius | eī | eum | eō | eius | |
| Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
| Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
| Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
| Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
| Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
| Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
| Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
| Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum | ||||
Descendants
References
- vos in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- vos in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- VOS in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- Félix Gaffiot (1934), “vos”, in Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Paris: Hachette.
- Meissner, Carl; Auden, Henry William (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
- not to be prolix: ne diutius vos demorer
- picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Provençal vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronoun
vos
- you (plural form)
Synonyms
Old French
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronoun
vos
- you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre
- That you may be able to get rid of this blame
- Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)
- yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)
- you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)
- circa 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès:
-
qant je vos voi de tel meniere
- when I see you in such a state
-
qant je vos voi de tel meniere
-
Descendants
Old Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Pronoun
vōs
- you (plural)
Declension
This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Latin: vōs
Old Provençal
Etymology
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronoun
vos
- you (plural or polite form)
Descendants
Portuguese
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈvuʃ/
- Hyphenation: vos
Pronoun
vos
- 2nd person plural objective pronoun
See also
| Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Oblique | Oblique with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
| m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
| Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
| Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
| o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
| Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
| se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) | |||||||||||
| Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
| Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco | vocês | ||||||||
| os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
| Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
| se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) | |||||||||||
| Indefinite | se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) | ||||||||||
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.
Pronoun
vos
- (archaic) An elevated form of you, either singular or plural.
- (parts of Latin America) a form of you, singular.
Synonyms
Derived terms
See also
| nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
| plural | masc. | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
| fem. | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
| second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
| voseo | vos | vos | |||||
| formal2 | usted | le | lo/la3 | usted | |||
| plural | familiar4 | masc. | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
| fem. | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
| formal/general2 | ustedes | les | los/las3 | ustedes | |||
| third person | singular | masc. | él | le | lo | él | |
| fem. | ella | la | ella | ||||
| neut. | ello5 | lo/la3 | ello | ||||
| plural | masc. | ellos | les | los | ellos | ||
| fem. | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
| sing. & pl. | reflexive | — | se | sí1 | |||
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., "Se lo dije" instead of "Le lo dije")
Walloon
Etymology
From Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs.
Pronoun
vos
Synonyms
- (plural): vozôtes