Belarusian

Alternative forms

• ня ‎(nja) (only as unstressed particle, nonstandard in writing, common in pronunciation)

Adverb

не • ‎(nje)

1. no (word used to indicate disagreement or negative)

Particle

не • ‎(nje)

1. not

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɛ/

Particle

не • ‎(ne)

1. used to show disagreement or negation, no

   Не, грешиш.‎ ― Ne, grešiš. ― No, you are mistaken.

   Не, сега не може да гледаш телевизия.‎ ― Ne, sega ne može da gledaš televizija. ― No, you may not watch television now.

2. used to negate the meaning of the following word or phrase, not, n't

   Не знам.‎ ― Ne znam. ― I don't know.

   Не мога.‎ ― Ne moga. ― I can't.

   Мария не им даде възможност да се извинят.‎ ― Marija ne im dade vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat. ― Maria didn't give them a chance to apologize.

   Не Мария им даде възможност да се извинят.‎ ― Ne Marija im dade vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat. ― It was not Maria who gave them a chance to apologize. (Someone else did.)

   Не на тях Мария даде възможност да се извинят.‎ ― Ne na tjah Marija dade vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat. ― It was not to them that Maria gave a chance to apologize. (She gave it to someone else.)

   Не възможност да се извинят им даде Мария.‎ ― Ne vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat im dade Marija. ― It was not a chance to apologize that Maria gave them. (She gave them something else.)

   Не да се извинят им даде възможност Мария.‎ ― Ne da se izvinjat im dade vǎzmožnost Marija. ― It was not a chance to apologize that Maria gave them. (She gave them a chance to do something else.)

Macedonian

Adverb

не • ‎(ne)

1. no

Particle

не • ‎(ne)

1. not

Old Church Slavonic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.

Adverb

не • ‎(ne)

1. not

Russian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.

Pronunciation

• (unstressed) IPA^(key): [nʲɪ]
• (stressed) IPA^(key): [ˈnʲe]
• Homophone: ни ‎(ni) (when unstressed)

Particle

не • ‎(ne)

1. (negative in full) not, no, -n't, without

   Он не зна́ет‎ ― On ne znájet ― He does not know.

   не долете́в до це́ли‎ ― ne doletév do céli ― without reaching the target

   он не ге́ний‎ ― on ne génij ― he is no genius

   Не де́лай э́того!‎ ― Ne délaj étovo! ― Don’t do it!

   Не говори́ ни сло́ва!‎ ― Ne govorí ni slóva! ― don’t say a word!

2. Idiomatic negative usage

   (мне) не по себе́‎ ― (mne) ne po sebé ― (I) feel sick; (I) feel uncomfortable

   не раз‎ ― ne raz ― more than once; time and again; repeatedly; many a time

   Я ви́дел вас не раз.‎ ― Ja vídel vas ne raz. ― I have seen you often.

   тем не ме́нее‎ ― tem ne méneje ― nevertheless

3. (partial negative) perhaps not, whether ... or not

   Сча́стье не сча́стье, но что́-то похо́жее.‎ ― Sčástʹje ne sčástʹje, no štó-to poxóžeje. ― Perhaps not happiness, but something very much like it.

   Хо́чешь не хо́чешь, а придётся сде́лать.‎ ― Xóčešʹ ne xóčešʹ, a pridjótsja sdélatʹ. ― like it or not, you’ll have to do it.

4. will never (implying impossibility to do something)

   Ему́ э́того не сде́лать.‎ ― Jemú étovo ne sdélatʹ. ― He will never do it.

5. (usually not translated, gives affirmative meaning for expression, especially in exclamations)

   Како́й ру́сский не лю́бит бы́строй езды́!‎ ― Kakój rússkij ne ljúbit býstroj jezdý! ― Every Russian likes to drive (a car) fast!

   Кто не лю́бит пое́сть!‎ ― Kto ne ljúbit pojéstʹ! ― Everyone likes a good meal!

Usage notes

не sometimes appears stressed, e.g. in the past negative of быть ‎(bytʹ, “to be”), where the forms appear as не́ был ‎(né byl), не была́ ‎(ne bylá), не́ было ‎(né bylo), не́ были ‎(né byli) (i.e. не is stressed in the masculine singular, the neuter singular and the plural, but not the feminine singular).

Prefix

With prepositions and pronouns не actually is a prefix, in spite of the fact that it is written separately.

Examples:

1. не́ с кем ‎(né s kem, “from”) → не́кем ‎(nékem)
2. не́ из чего́ ‎(né iz čevó, “from”) → не́чего ‎(néčevo)

See also

• нет ‎(net)
• ни ‎(ni)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ne/

Particle

не ‎(Latin spelling ne)

1. not (denoting negation)

   Не знам.‎ ― I don't know.

   Он је не само даровит, већ и јако марљив.‎ ― He is not only talented, but also very industrious.

   хтео-не хтео‎ ― whether you want it or not

   Да не спаваш?‎ ― Aren't you sleeping?

   Не могу, а да не...‎ ― I cannot but...

   рећи не‎ ― to say no, refuse, decline

   не мање него...‎ ― no less then...

   не доћи‎ ― to fail to come, not come

   ... Зар не?‎ ― ... Aren't you? (Do you?, Don't you?)

Interjection

не ‎(Latin spelling ne)

1. no

   Да ли си демократа? Не!‎ ― Are you a democrat? No!

Synonyms

• јок (dialectal, from Turkish)

Antonyms

• да

Tajik

Etymology

From Middle Persian.

Adverb

не • ‎(ne)

1. no

See also

• на ‎(na)

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnɛ]

Particle

не • ‎(ne)

1. not