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Definition 2025
係
係
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See also: 系
Translingual
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 係
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| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script | ||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (系) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 係 | *keːɡs |
| 系 | *ɡeːɡs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *keːɡs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 系 (OC *ɡeːɡs).
Han character
係 (radical 9 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人竹女火 (OHVF), four-corner 22293, composition ⿰亻系)
References
- KangXi: page 104, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 663
- Dae Jaweon: page 220, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 164, character 8
- Unihan data for U+4FC2
Chinese
| trad. | 係 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 系 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
- Wade-Giles: hsih4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
- IPA (key): /ɕi⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hai6
- Yale: haih
- Cantonese Pinyin: hai6
- IPA (key): /hɐi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: he
- Hakka Romanization System: he
- Hagfa Pinyim: he4
- IPA: /he⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
Definitions
係
- to relate, to bear on
- (formal, literary, classical, Cantonese, Hakka) is, am, are, to be (copula)
- (Cantonese, Hakka) yes (as answer to a question)
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 是 (“to be (+ noun)”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 係 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 是 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 是 |
| Taiwan | 是 | |
| Tianjin | 是 | |
| Jinan | 是 | |
| Xi'an | 是 | |
| Wuhan | 是 | |
| Chengdu | 是 | |
| Yangzhou | 是 | |
| Hefei | 是 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 係 |
| Hong Kong | 係 | |
| Taishan | 係 | |
| Yangjiang | 係 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 是 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 係 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 係 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 係 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 係 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 係 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 係 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 係 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 是 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 是 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 是 |
| Min Nan | Quanzhou | 是 |
| Xiamen | 是 | |
| Zhangzhou | 是 | |
| Taipei | 是 | |
| Kaohsiung | 是 | |
| Tainan | 是 | |
| Taichung | 是 | |
| Yilan | 是 | |
| Lukang | 是 | |
| Sanxia | 是 | |
| Kinmen | 是 | |
| Magong | 是 | |
| Hsinchu | 是 | |
| Malaysia | 是 | |
| Chaozhou | 是 | |
| Shantou | 是 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 是 |
| Suzhou | 是 | |
| Wenzhou | 是 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 是 |
| Shuangfeng | 是 | |
Usage notes
- (Cantonese) Not to be confused with 喺 (hai2).
- (Cantonese, Hakka) 係／系 is used in vernacular contexts, while 是 (shì) is used in literary or formal contexts.
Compounds
References
- CCDICT (Chineselanguage.org)
- Academia Sinica - Hakka-English Dictionary
- Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.
Japanese
Kanji
係
Readings
Compounds
- 係船
- 係争
- 係属
- 係留
- 連係
- 係助詞
Noun
係 (hiragana かかり, romaji kakari)
- person in charge
Suffix
係 (hiragana がかり, romaji -gakari)
- person in charge
- カメラ係
- kamera-gakari
- cameraman
- 撮影係
- satsuei-gakari
- photographer
- カメラ係
Korean
Hanja
係 • (gye) (hangeul 계, McCune-Reischauer kye)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
係 (hệ, hể, hề, hễ)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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