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Definition 2024

內

內

內 U+5167, 內
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5167
← 兦
[U+5166] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 全 →
[U+5168]
See also: 内

Translingual

Han character

內 (radical 11 入+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人月 (OB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿻入冂)

References

Chinese

trad. 內
simp. 内

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 內
Oracle bone script

j13126

j13127

j13128

j13129

j13130

j13131

j13132

j13133

j13134

j13135

j13136

j13137

j13138

j13139

j13140

j13141
Bronze inscriptions

b08077

b08078

b08079

b08080

b08081

b08082

b08083

b08084

b08085

b08086

b08087

b08088

b08089

b08090

b08091

b08092

b08093

b08094

b08095

b08096

b08097

b08098

b08099

b08100

b08101

b08102

b08103

b08104

b08105

b08106

b08107

b08108

b08109

b08110

b08111

b08112
Large seal script

L36369

L36370

L21837

L21838

L21839

L21840

L21841

L21842

L21843

L21844

L21845

L21846

L21833

L21834

L21835

L21836
Small seal script

s03778
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (內) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妠 *nuːms, *nuːb, *rnoːd
內 *nuːbs
笍 *tnobs, *njobs
芮 *njobs
枘 *njobs
汭 *njobs
鈉 *njobs
蜹 *njobs, *lobs, *njod
抐 *nuːns, *nuːd
納 *nuːb
衲 *nuːb
魶 *nuːb, *noːb
軜 *nuːb
蒳 *nuːb
豽 *rnuːd
肭 *rnuːd, *nuːd, *nuɡ
呐 *nod
焫 *njod
訥 *nuːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *nuːbs) : semantic 冂 + phonetic 入 ‎(OC *njub, “to enter”).

Etymology

Related to 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”); see there for more.

Pronunciation 1

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 內
Mandarin Beijing /nei⁵¹/
Harbin /nei⁵³/
Tianjin /nei⁵³/
Jinan /nei²¹/
Qingdao /ne⁴²/
Zhengzhou /nei³¹²/
Xi'an /luei⁴⁴/
Xining /nuɨ²¹³/
Yinchuan /nuei¹³/
Lanzhou /luei¹³/
Ürümqi /nei²¹³/
Wuhan /nei³⁵/
Chengdu /nuei¹³/
Guiyang /nuei²¹³/
Kunming /nuei²¹²/
Nanjing /luəi⁴⁴/
Hefei /le⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /nai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /næ³⁵/
Hohhot /nɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ne²³/
Suzhou /ne̞³¹/
Hangzhou /nei¹³/
Wenzhou /nai²²/
Hui Shexian /nɛ²²/
Tunxi /lə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /lei⁵⁵/
/lei¹¹/
Xiangtan /nəi²¹/
Gan Nanchang /lui²¹/
Hakka Meixian /nui⁵³/
Taoyuan /mui⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nɔi²²/
Nanning /nui²²/
Hong Kong /nɔi²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lue²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /nuɔi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /no⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /lai³⁵/ 訓讀
Haikou (Min Nan) /nui³³/
/lai³³/ 訓裡
Rime
Character 內
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 奴對切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /nuʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /nuoiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /nuɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /nwəjH/
Li
Rong		 /nuᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /nuɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /nuɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 nuì
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 內
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 nèi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nwojH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*nˤ[u]p-s/
English inside

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 內
Reading # 1/1
No. 9381
Phonetic
component		 內
Rime
group		 內
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 内
Old
Chinese		 /*nuːbs/

Definitions

內

  1. inside; interior; internal; inner
    Antonyms: 外 (wài)
    內傷 / 内伤  ―  nèishāng  ―  internal injury
  2. room; inner room
  3. court; imperial palace
  4. woman; wife
  5. domestic
    內戰 / 内战  ―  nèizhàn  ―  civil war
  6. heart; mind; self
  7. (TCM) internal organs
  8. (Buddhism) Buddhist sutras

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 內
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 nà
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nop ›
Old
Chinese		 /*nˤ[u]p/
English bring or send in

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

內

  1. † to enter
  2. †Original form of 納／纳 (nà, “to pay”).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

內

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 内)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

內 • ‎(nae, nap) (hangeul 내, 납, revised nae, nap, McCune-Reischauer nae, nap, Yale nay, nap)

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Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

內 (nội, tuyền)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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