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Definition 2024

共

共

共 U+5171, 共
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5171
← 兰
[U+5170] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兲 →
[U+5172]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

共 (radical 12 八+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 廿金 (TC), four-corner 44801, composition ⿱龷八)

Derived characters

See also

References

  • KangXi: page 127, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1458
  • Dae Jaweon: page 283, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 243, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5171

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 共

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 共
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Bronze inscriptions

b03459

b03460

b03461

b03462

b03463

b03464

b03465

b03466

b03467

b03468

b03469

b03470

b03471
Large seal script

L35581

L35582

L19017

L19018

L19019

L19020

L19021

L19022
Small seal script

s01989
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
港 *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs
巷 *ɡroːŋs
衖 *ɡroːŋs
鬨 *ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs
烘 *qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs
洪 *ɡloːŋ
鉷 *ɡloːŋ
谼 *ɡloːŋ
葓 *ɡoːŋ
哄 *ɡloːŋs
蕻 *ɡloːŋs
恭 *kloŋ
供 *kloŋ, *kloŋs
龔 *kloŋ
珙 *kloŋ, *kloŋʔ
共 *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs
髸 *kloŋ
拱 *kloŋʔ
拲 *kloŋʔ, *kloɡ
蛬 *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
栱 *kloŋʔ
輁 *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
舼 *ɡloŋ
輂 *kloɡ

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 共
Mandarin Beijing /kuŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /kuŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /kuŋ⁵³/
Jinan /kuŋ²¹/
Qingdao /kəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /kuŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /kuə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /kuŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /kũn¹³/
Ürümqi /kuŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /koŋ³⁵/
Chengdu /koŋ¹³/
Guiyang /koŋ²¹³/
Kunming /koŋ¹/
Nanjing /koŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei /kəŋ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /kuəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /kuŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /kũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /goŋ²³/
Suzhou /goŋ³¹/
Hangzhou /goŋ¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑyɔ²²/
Hui Shexian /kʰuʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /kan⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /koŋ⁵⁵/
/koŋ¹¹/
Xiangtan /gən²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuŋ²¹/ ～雙筷子
/kʰuŋ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiuŋ⁵³/
Taoyuan /kʰioŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /koŋ²²/
Nanning /kuŋ²²/
Hong Kong /kuŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kiɔŋ²²/
/iŋ²²/
/kaŋ²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /køyŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kaŋ³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /koŋ³³/
/kaŋ²³/
Rime
Character 共 共
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 九容切 渠用切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɨoŋ/ /ɡɨoŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kioŋ/ /ɡioŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kioŋ/ /ɡioŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kuawŋ/ /guawŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kioŋ/ /ɡioŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kĭwoŋ/ /ɡĭwoŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯woŋ/ /gi̯woŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiōng jiòng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 共
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gòng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gjowngH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*N-k(r)oŋʔ-s/
English together, all

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 共 共
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4170 4182
Phonetic
component		 共 共
Rime
group		 東 東
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 恭 共
Old
Chinese		 /*kloŋ/ /*ɡloŋs/

Definitions

共

  1. common
  2. together
  3. to share
  4. and

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

共

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. together
  2. both
  3. all
  4. with
  5. co-

Readings

Compounds

Noun

共 ‎(hiragana とも, romaji tomo)

  1. both, all

Prefix

共 ‎(hiragana きょう, romaji kyō-)

  1. co-

Suffix

共 ‎(hiragana とも, romaji -tomo)

  1. altogether
  2. -included
    送料共 (そうりょうとも)
    sōryō-tomo
    including shipping fees, including postage

Synonyms

Suffix

共 ‎(hiragana ども, romaji -domo)

  1. indicates plural

Synonyms

Usage notes

Affixing 共 to oneself indicates humbleness. Affixing 共 to other people is disrespectful compared to 達 (たち, -tachi).

Related terms

Korean

Hanja

共 • ‎(gong) (hangeul 공)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

共 (cộng, cung, cụng, cùng, gọng, cọng, cũng)

Compounds

  • 越南共和 Việt Nam cộng hòa
  • 共產 cộng sản
  • 越共 Việt Cộng
  • 中共 Trung Cộng
  • This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm , NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999

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