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Definition 2024
塹
塹
See also: 堑
Translingual
Han character
塹 (radical 32 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十中土 (JLG), four-corner 52104, composition ⿱斬土)
References
- KangXi: page 237, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5394
- Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 478, character 8
- Unihan data for U+5879
Chinese
trad. | 塹 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 堑 |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
慚 | *zaːm |
慙 | *zaːm |
鏨 | *zaːm, *zaːmʔ, *zaːms, *zeːm, *zamʔ |
槧 | *zaːmʔ, *sʰam, *sʰams, *zamʔ |
暫 | *zaːms |
蹔 | *zaːms |
斬 | *ʔsreːmʔ |
獑 | *zeːm, *zaːm |
嶃 | *zreːmʔ, *zaːm |
覱 | *ʔsraːms |
摲 | *sʰraːms |
漸 | *ʔsam, *zamʔ |
塹 | *sʰams |
壍 | *sʰams |
嬱 | *sʰams |
螹 | *zam, *zamʔ |
蔪 | *zamʔ |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: ch'ien4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: cim3
- Yale: chim
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsim3
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰiːm³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 塹 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 七豔切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡sʰiᴇmH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/t͡sʰiɛmH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/t͡sʰjæmH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/t͡sʰiamH/ |
Li Rong |
/t͡sʰiɛmH/ |
Wang Li |
/t͡sʰĭɛmH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡sʰi̯ɛmH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qiàn |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 塹 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
qiàn |
Middle Chinese |
‹ tshjemH › |
Old Chinese |
/*[tsʰ]am-s/ |
English | moat; dig out |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 塹 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 16806 |
Phonetic component |
斬 |
Rime group |
談 |
Rime subdivision |
1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
壍 |
Old Chinese |
/*sʰams/ |
Notes | 同壍出説文 |
Definitions
塹
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Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
塹
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
塹 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune-Reischauer ch'am)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
塹 (khiếm)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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