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Definition 2025

士

士

See also: 土 and ±

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

士 (radical 33 士+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 十一 (JM), four-corner 40100, composition ⿱十一)

  1. Kangxi radical #33, ⼠ ‎(“scholar”).
  2. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №9

References

  • KangXi: page 242, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5638
  • Dae Jaweon: page 482, character 38
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 416, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+58EB

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 士

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 士
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Tianjin /sz̩⁵³/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩²¹/
Qingdao /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩³¹²/
Xi'an /sz̩⁴⁴/
Xining /sz̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /sz̩²¹³/
Wuhan /sz̩³⁵/
Chengdu /sz̩¹³/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹³/
Kunming /sz̩²¹²/
Nanjing /sz̩⁴⁴/
Hefei /sz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩⁴⁵/
Pingyao /sz̩³⁵/
Hohhot /sz̩⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hangzhou /zz̩¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /sz̩²²/
Tunxi /sz̩¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sz̩⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /sz̩⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sz̩²¹/
Hakka Meixian /sz̩⁵³/
Taoyuan /sï⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /si²²/
Nanning /sz̩²²/
Hong Kong /si²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /su²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /søy²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /su⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sɯ³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /si³³/
Rime
Character 士
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 崇 (20)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 鉏里切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʒɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʒieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ʒiəX/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhì
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 士
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzriX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English officer; gentleman

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 士
Reading # 1/1
No. 11511
Phonetic
component		 士
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 士
Old
Chinese		 /*zrɯʔ/

Noun

士

  1. scholar
    博士 (bóshì), 院士 (yuànshì)
  2. soldier
    士兵 (shìbīng)
  3. commendable person, honorific title
    女士 (nǚshì), 人士 (rénshì)
  4. specialist
    護士／护士 (hùshì), 助產士／助产士
  5. bachelor (in ancient China)
  6. an official rank in ancient China

Proper noun

士

  1. A surname​.

Usage notes

  • In modern Chinese, 士 is only used in compounds. It is found as individual character only in idioms.
  • 士 is also used as a phonetic in foreign names.
    威士忌 (wēishìjì, “whiskey”), 巴士 (bāshì, “bus”)
Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

士

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
士
し
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

士 ‎(hiragana し, romaji shi)

  1. samurai, warrior

Suffix

士 ‎(hiragana し, romaji -shi)

  1. person with a certain qualification.
    弁護 (べんご)士 (し)
    bengoshi
    a lawyer
    会計 (かいけい)士 (し)
    kaikeishi
    an accountant

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

士 • ‎(sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune-Reischauer sa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

士 (sĩ, sãi, sõi, sỡi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Etymology

Historical forms of the character 士
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (士) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
茌 *zrɯ
士 *zrɯʔ
仕 *zrɯʔ

Also simplified from 止, as in 志.

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