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Definition 2024
十
十
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See also: 〸
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
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Han character
十 (radical 24 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 40000, composition ⿻一丨)
- Kangxi radical #24, ⼗ (“ten”).
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 155, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
- Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 58, character 9
- Unihan data for U+5341
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
十 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms |
拾 financial 什 financial/nonstandard |
|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 十
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (十) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 針 | *kjum, *kjums |
| 汁 | *kjub |
| 卙 | *kʰljub |
| 十 | *ɡjub |
| 什 | *ɡjub |
Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sap6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p
- Min Dong (BUC): sĕk
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): zeq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
- Wade-Giles: shih2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
- IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sap6
- Yale: sahp
- Cantonese Pinyin: sap9
- IPA (key): /sɐp̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p
- Hakka Romanization System: siib
- Hagfa Pinyim: sib6
- IPA: /sɨp̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕk
- IPA (key): /siʔ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p / si̍p
- Tâi-lô: tsa̍p / si̍p
- Phofsit Daibuun: zap, sip
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sap̚⁴/, /ɕip̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sap̚²⁴/, /ɕip̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sap̚¹²¹/, /ɕip̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sap̚⁴/, /ɕip̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sap̚⁴/, /ɕip̚⁴/
- Note: cha̍p - vernacular; si̍p - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zab8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p
- IPA (key): /t͡sap̚⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zeq (T5)
- IPA (key): /z̻əʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 十 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂʐ̩³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʃz̩⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /sz̩²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /sz̩³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /sz̩²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʂʐ̩³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /ʂəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /səʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Pingyao | /ʂʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /səʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /zəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zai²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕi²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕi¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /səp̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʃïp̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐp̚²/ |
| Nanning | /sɐp̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /sɐp̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/sip̚⁵/ /t͡sap̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /sɛiʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) |
/si⁵⁴/ /si⁴⁴/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡sap̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/tap̚³/ /tɔp̚³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 十 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 緝 (141) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 是執切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑiɪp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑip̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑjep̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑip̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʑiəp̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʑĭĕp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑi̯əp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shí |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 十 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shí |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzyip › |
| Old Chinese |
/*t.[ɡ]əp/ |
| English | ten |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 十 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11452 |
| Phonetic component |
十 |
| Rime group |
緝 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
十 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡjub/ |
Definitions
十
See also
| Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
| Cardinal | 〇 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬 万 |
億 亿 |
兆 |
| Financial | 零 | 壹 | 貳 贰 |
參 叁 |
肆 | 伍 | 陸 陆 |
柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 | 萬 万 |
億 亿 |
兆 |
Compounds
Derived terms from 十
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Descendants
Others:
Japanese
Pronunciation
Number
| < 9 | 10 | 11 > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : 十 | ||
Etymology 1
/so1/: [so].
Noun
- ten; used in compounds
Compounds
- 十六夜 (izayoi, “the sixteenth night of every month”)
- 十露盤 (soroban)
- 三十日 (misoka)
- 三十路 (misoji, “thirty; thirty years of age”)
- 四十 (yoso, “forty”)
Etymology 2
/to2/: [tə] > [to].
Noun
- ten
Etymology 3
/to2wo/: [təwo] > [towo] > [too] > [toː].
Noun
十 (hiragana とお, romaji tō, historical hiragana とを)
- ten
Kanji
十
Readings
- Goon: じゅう (jū) < じふ (jifu), じっ (ji[p/t/k/s]) (before /p, t, k, s/)
- Kan’on: しゅう (shū) < しふ (shifu) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’yōon: じゅっ (ju[p/t/k/s]) (before /p, t, k, s/)
- Kun: とお (tō) < とを (towo), と (to)
- Nanori: い (i), か (ka), ぎ (gi), さ (sa), し (shi), そ (so), そう (sō), ち (chi), とう (tō), ね (ne), ま (ma), る (ru), わ (wa)
Compounds
- 十雨 (jūu)
- 十戒 (jikkai), 十誡 (jikkai, “the Ten Commandments”)
- 十月 (jūgatsu, “October”)
- 十姉妹 (jūshimatsu)
- 十字 (jūji)
- 十手 (jitte, “martial arts truncheon”)
- 十種競技 (jisshu kyōgi, “decathlon”)
- 十進法 (jisshinhō, “decimal system”)
- 十人並 (jūninnami)
- 十全 (jūzen)
- 十哲 (jittetsu)
- 十能 (jūnō, “small fire shovel”)
- 十把一絡 (jippa hitokarage)
- 十部門分類法 (jūbumon bunruihō)
- 十分 (jūbun)
- 十万億土 (jūman'okudo)
- 十目 (jūmoku)
- 十薬 (jūyaku)
Korean
Hanja
十 • (sip)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 십 (revised: sip, McCune-Reischauer: ship, Yale: sip)
- Name (hangeul): 열 (revised: yeol, McCune-Reischauer: yŏl, Yale: yel)
Compounds
- 十字 (십자, sipja) the character "十" or its shape, hence, cross, chi, X, +, etc.
- 十中八九 (십중팔구, sipjung-palgu) eight or nine out of ten.
- 十干 (십간)
- 十二支 (십이지)