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Definition 2025
針
針
See also: 针
Translingual
Han character
針 (radical 167 金+2, 10 strokes, cangjie input 金十 (CJ), four-corner 84100, composition ⿰釒十)
References
- KangXi: page 1296, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40165
- Dae Jaweon: page 1799, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4168, character 5
- Unihan data for U+91DD
Chinese
trad. | 針 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 针 | |
alt. forms | 鍼 |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (十) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
針 | *kjum, *kjums |
汁 | *kjub |
卙 | *kʰljub |
十 | *ɡjub |
什 | *ɡjub |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kjum, *kjums) : semantic 釒 (“metal”) + phonetic 十 (OC *ɡjub).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zam1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂m
- Min Nan (POJ): chiam / cham / chim / cherm
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
- Wade-Giles: chên1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zam1
- Yale: jām
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzam1
- IPA (key): /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂m
- Hakka Romanization System: ziim´
- Hagfa Pinyim: zim1
- IPA: /t͡sɨm²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
- Tâi-lô: tsiam
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cham
- Tâi-lô: tsam
- Phofsit Daibuun: zafm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
- Tâi-lô: tsim
- Phofsit Daibuun: cym
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕim⁴⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕim⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕim⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cherm
- Tâi-lô: tserm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡səm³³/
- Note: chiam/cham - vernacular; chim/cherm - literary.
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung)
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 針 | 針 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 章 (23) |
Final (韻) | 侵 (139) | 侵 (139) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | III | III |
Fanqie | 職深切 | 之任切 |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕiɪm/ | /t͡ɕiɪmH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕim/ | /t͡ɕimH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕjem/ | /t͡ɕjemH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/cim/ | /cimH/ |
Li Rong |
/t͡ɕiəm/ | /t͡ɕiəmH/ |
Wang Li |
/t͡ɕĭĕm/ | /t͡ɕĭĕmH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕi̯əm/ | /t͡ɕi̯əmH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhēn | zhèn |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 針 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhēn |
Middle Chinese |
‹ tsyim › |
Old Chinese |
/*t.[k]əm/ |
English | needle |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 針 | 針 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
No. | 11448 | 11449 |
Phonetic component |
十 | 十 |
Rime group |
侵 | 侵 |
Rime subdivision |
3 | 3 |
Corresponding MC rime |
斟 | 枕 |
Old Chinese |
/*kjum/ | /*kjums/ |
Notes | 見淮南子,說文作鍼 |
Definitions
針
- needle
- needle-like object; pin; brooch; hand (of a clock or watch); tack
- injection
- stitch
- acupuncture
- to poke
- (Cantonese) spy; informer (Classifier: 條/条)
- Classifier for the number of injections.
- Classifier for the number of stitches.
Compounds
Derived terms from 針
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Japanese
Kanji
針
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
---|
針 |
はり Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
- pin, needle
- hand (of a clock or watch)
- 時計の針は3時を指しています。
- Tokei no hari wa san-ji o sashiteimasu.
- The clock's hand is pointing to 3 o'clock.
- 時計の針は3時を指しています。
- thorn
- staple (of a stapler)
- (fishing) hook
Derived terms
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
針 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune-Reischauer ch'im, Yale chim)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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