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Definition 2024

億

億

億 U+5104, 億
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5104
← 儃
[U+5103] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 儅 →
[U+5105]
See also: 亿

Translingual

Han character

億 (radical 9 人+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人卜廿心 (OYTP), four-corner 20236, composition ⿰亻意)

See also

  • Chinese Numeral 億
    Last: 万, 萬; Next: 兆.

References

  • KangXi: page 118, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1178
  • Dae Jaweon: page 252, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 227, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5104

Chinese

trad. 億
simp. 亿
Chinese cardinal numbers
 <  9999,9999 1,0000,0000 1,0000,0001  > 
    Cardinal : 億

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 億
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於力切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔik̚/
Li
Rong		 /ʔiək̚/
Wang
Li		 /ĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yi
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 億
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔik ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔ(r)ək/
English 100000

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 億
Reading # 1/1
No. 15157
Phonetic
component		 意
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 憶
Old
Chinese		 /*qɯɡ/

Definitions

億

  1. hundred million, 100,000,000, 100×10⁶, 1×10⁸
  2. (obsolete) hundred thousand, 100,000, 100×10³, 1×10⁵
  3. many
  4. A surname​.

See also

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Cardinal 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬
万 		億
亿 		兆
Financial 零 壹 貳
贰 		參
叁 		肆 伍 陸
陆 		柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟 萬
万 		億
亿 		兆

Japanese

Noun

億 ‎(hiragana おく, romaji oku)

  1. a hundred million, 108

Pronunciation

Derived terms

Kanji

億

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

References

  1. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  2. ↑ 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō

Korean

Hanja

億 • ‎(eok) (hangeul 억, McCune-Reischauer ŏk)

Noun

億 • ‎(eok) ‎(hangeul 억)

  1. Hanja form? of 억, “a hundred million, 108”.

Vietnamese

Han character

億 (ức)

Noun

億

  1. Hán tự form of ức, “a hundred million, 108”

Etymology

Historical forms of the character 億
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Bronze inscriptions

b12362

b15389
Large seal script

L28411

L28412

L28413
Small seal script

s05812

s07653
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (意) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
噫 *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ
譩 *qɯ, *qɯʔ, *qɯl
醷 *qɯʔ, *qɯɡ
意 *qɯɡs
鷾 *qɯɡs
憶 *qɯɡ
億 *qɯɡ
臆 *qɯɡ
繶 *qɯɡ
澺 *qɯɡ
薏 *qɯɡ
檍 *qɯɡ
癔 *qɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯɡ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 意 ‎(OC *qɯɡs).

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