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Definition 2024

奸

奸

See also: 姦

Translingual

Han character

奸 (radical 38 女+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 女一十 (VMJ), four-corner 41440, composition ⿰女干)

References

  • KangXi: page 255, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6045
  • Dae Jaweon: page 518, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1025, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5978

Chinese

trad. 奸/姦
simp. 奸
姦: “evil; to commit adultery; to rape”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訐 *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝 *kaːn
竿 *kaːn
干 *kaːn
奸 *kaːn
玕 *kaːn
汗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀 *kaːn
忓 *kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱 *kaːn
邗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆 *kaːnʔ
矸 *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠 *kaːnʔ
皯 *kaːnʔ
衦 *kaːnʔ
簳 *kaːnʔ
擀 *kaːnʔ
旰 *kaːns
盰 *kaːns
幹 *kaːns
杆 *kaːns
骭 *kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿 *kaːnʔ
趕 *kaːnʔ
稈 *kaːnʔ
刊 *kʰaːn
靬 *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎 *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̥ʰraːn
頇 *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸 *ŋɡaːns
鼾 *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕 *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊 *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊 *qʰaːnʔ
虷 *ɡaːn
旱 *ɡaːnʔ
皔 *ɡaːnʔ
釬 *ɡaːns
扞 *ɡaːns
閈 *ɡaːns
馯 *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍 *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍 *ɡaːns
銲 *ɡaːns
垾 *ɡaːns
駻 *ɡaːns
睅 *ɡʷranʔ
娨 *ɡraːns
飦 *kan
赶 *ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒 *qʰan
蓒 *qʰan
酐 *qʰaːŋʔ
澣 *ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːn) : semantic 女 + phonetic 干 ‎(OC *kaːn).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 奸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古寒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kan/
Li
Rong		 /kɑn/
Wang
Li		 /kɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gān
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 奸
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˤa[r]/
English treacherous

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 奸
Reading # 1/1
No. 3571
Phonetic
component		 干
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 干
Old
Chinese		 /*kaːn/

Definitions

奸

  1. to offend; to conflict
  2. to stage an armed rebellion or steal
  3. evil; wicked; treacherous
  4. self-seeking; wily
  5. evildoer; treacherous person
  6. traitor; betrayer
  7. to commit adultery

Antonyms

  • (evil): 義／义 (yì, “righteous; justice”)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

奸

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
奸
かん
Hyōgaiji
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 奸 ‎(kan).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Adjective

奸 ‎(-na inflection, hiragana かん, romaji kan)

  1. wicked

Inflection

Noun

奸 ‎(hiragana かん, romaji kan)

  1. wickedness, wicked person

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

奸 • ‎(gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune-Reischauer kan)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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