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Definition 2024
林
林
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
林 (radical 75 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木木 (DD), four-corner 44990, composition ⿰木木)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 516, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14551
- Dae Jaweon: page 903, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1164, character 7
- Unihan data for U+6797
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
林 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 林
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (林) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 婪 | *ɡ·ruːm |
| 惏 | *ɡ·ruːm |
| 啉 | *ɡ·ruːm |
| 漤 | *ɡ·ruːmʔ |
| 醂 | *ɡ·ruːmʔ |
| 林 | *ɡ·rɯm |
| 琳 | *ɡ·rɯm |
| 淋 | *ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms |
| 痳 | *ɡ·rɯm |
| 箖 | *ɡ·rɯm |
| 霖 | *ɡ·rɯm |
| 菻 | *ɡ·rɯmʔ, *ɡ·rɯms |
| 罧 | *slɯmʔ, *srɯms |
| 棽 | *r̥ʰɯm, *srɯm |
| 綝 | *r̥ʰɯm |
| 郴 | *r̥ʰɯm |
| 禁 | *krɯm, *krɯms |
| 襟 | *krɯm |
| 僸 | *krɯms, *ŋɡrɯmʔ |
| 澿 | *ɡrɯm |
| 噤 | *ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms |
| 凚 | *ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms |
| 齽 | *ɡrɯms |
木 (“wood”) is repeated twice to give the idea of multiple trees (compare 森, 𣓏, 𣛧, 𣡕, 𣡽), thus a forest.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˊ
- Wade-Giles: lin2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lin
- IPA (key): /lin³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: lam4
- Yale: làhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: lam4
- IPA (key): /lɐm²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìm
- Hakka Romanization System: limˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: lim2
- IPA: /lim¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nâ / lîm
- Tâi-lô: nâ / lîm
- Phofsit Daibuun: naa, liim
- IPA (Xiamen): /na²⁴/, /lim²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /na²⁴/, /lim²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /na¹³/, /lim¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /na²⁴/, /lim²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /na²³/, /lim²³/
- Note: nâ - vernacular, lîm - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 林 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /lin³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /lin²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /lin⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /liẽ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /liə̃⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /lin⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /liẽ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /liə̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /liŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /lĩn⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /liŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /nin²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /nin³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /nin²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /lĩ¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /lin²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /lin⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /liəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /liŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /lĩŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /liŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /lin¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /lin²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /leŋ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /liʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /lin⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /lin¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /nin¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lin⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /lim¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /lim¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lɐm²¹/ |
| Nanning | /lɐm²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /lɐm²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/lim³⁵/ /na³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /liŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) |
/leiŋ³³/ /laŋ³³/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) |
/lim⁵⁵/ /nã⁵⁵/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /lim³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 林 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力尋切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/liɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/lim/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ljem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lim/ |
| Li Rong |
/liəm/ |
| Wang Li |
/lĭĕm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/li̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
lín |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 林 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
lín |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ lim › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[r]əm/ |
| English | forest |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 林 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8165 |
| Phonetic component |
林 |
| Rime group |
侵 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
林 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡ·rɯm/ |
Definitions
林
Compounds
Derived terms from 林
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Descendants
- Tagalog: Lim
Japanese
Kanji
林
Readings
Compounds
Noun
林 (hiragana はやし, romaji hayashi)
Synonyms
- 森 (mori)
Proper noun
林 (hiragana はやし, romaji Hayashi)
- A surname.
- A female given name
Proper noun
- A surname.
- (rare) A female given name
Usage notes
As a surname, this reading is more often used by people of Chinese ancestry, since it is similar to the Mandarin Chinese reading of Lín.
Korean
Hanja
林 • (rim>im)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 림>임 (revised: rim>im, McCune-Reischauer: rim>im, Yale: lim>im)
- Name (hangeul): 수풀()
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
林 (lâm)
- Forest
- Gathering
- Dense
References
- Hán Việt Tự Điển Thiều Chửu v. 3.0, http://vietnamtudien.org/thieuchuu, http://vietnamtudien.org/thieuchuu/&h75.htm#26519