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Definition 2024
牙
牙
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
牙 (radical 92 牙+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一女木竹 (MVDH), four-corner 10240)
- Kangxi radical #92, ⽛ (“fang”).
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 695, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19909
- Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1419, character 8
- Unihan data for U+7259
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
牙 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 牙
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (牙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 邪 | *ljaː, *laː |
| 衺 | *ljaː |
| 牙 | *ŋraː |
| 芽 | *ŋraː |
| 齖 | *ŋraː, *ŋraːs |
| 呀 | *ŋraː, *hŋraː |
| 枒 | *ŋraː, *ŋraːs |
| 雅 | *ŋraːʔ |
| 厊 | *ŋraːʔ |
| 庌 | *ŋraːʔ |
| 訝 | *ŋraːs |
| 迓 | *ŋraːs |
| 砑 | *ŋraːs |
| 犽 | *ŋraːs |
| 疨 | *hŋraː |
| 岈 | *hŋraː |
| 谺 | *hŋraː |
| 颬 | *hŋraː |
| 鴉 | *qraː |
| 釾 | *laː |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaa4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngà
- Min Dong (BUC): ngà / ngāi
- Min Nan (POJ): gê / gêe / gâ
- Wu (Wiktionary): nga (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ
- Wade-Giles: ya2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya
- IPA (key): /i̯a̠³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ngaa4
- Yale: ngàh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa4
- IPA (key): /ŋɑː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngà
- Hakka Romanization System: ngaˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nga2
- IPA: /ŋa¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngà / ngāi
- IPA (key): /ŋa⁵³/, /ŋai³³/
- Note: ngāi - synaeresis of 牙齒 used alone or in some compounds.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gê
- Tâi-lô: gê
- Phofsit Daibuun: gee
- IPA (Xiamen): /ge²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ge²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /ge²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ge²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêe
- Tâi-lô: gêe
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /gɛ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâ
- Tâi-lô: gâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: gaa
- IPA (Xiamen): /ga²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ga²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ga¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /ga²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ga²³/
- Note: gê/gêe - vernacular (“tooth; fang; ivory; broker”); gâ - literary (“**** thread”).
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nga (T3)
- IPA (key): /ŋᴀ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 牙 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ia³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ia²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /iɑ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ia⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ia⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ia⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /nia²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ia²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ia⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ia⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ia⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ia²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ia³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ia²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ia̠³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /iɑ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ia⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan |
/nia¹¹/ /ia¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ȵiɑ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ia³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai |
/ŋa²³/ /ɦia²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ŋɑ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦiɑ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ŋo³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ŋa⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ŋɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha |
/ia¹³/ /ŋa¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ŋɒ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ŋɑ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋa¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋɑ¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋa²¹/ |
| Nanning | /ŋa²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /ŋa²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/ga³⁵/ /ge³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ŋa⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ŋa³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ŋẽ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/za³¹/ /ŋɛ³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 牙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 五加切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ŋˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ŋᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ŋa/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ŋaɨ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ŋa/ |
| Wang Li |
/ŋa/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ŋa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yá |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 牙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yá |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ngæ › |
| Old Chinese |
/*m-ɢˤ<r>a/ |
| English | tooth |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 牙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14177 |
| Phonetic component |
牙 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
牙 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋraː/ |
Definitions
牙
- tooth
- fang; tusk; canine tooth
- 尖牙 ― jiānyá ― fang
- ivory; tusk of elephant
- 象牙 ― xiàngyá ― ivory
- **** thread
- (historical) broker
Synonyms
Compounds
Derived terms from 牙
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Descendants
Others:
Japanese
Kanji
牙
Readings
- Goon: げ (ge)
- Kan’on: が (ga)
- Kun: きば (kiba), き (ki), かび (kabi) (non-Jōyō reading), は (ha) (non-Jōyō reading)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牙 |
|
き Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
Usage notes
Although this term is no longer used in isolation, it does persist in certain compounds.
Derived terms
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牙 |
|
きば Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Compound of Old Japanese elements 牙 (ki, “fang, tusk”) + 歯 (ha, “tooth”).[2]The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
Noun
牙 (hiragana きば, romaji kiba)
- fang, tusk, tooth (particularly the canines)
- (falconry) dog (primarily used for counting hunting dogs)
Usage notes
This is the most common term for fang in modern Japanese.
Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms
Idioms
|
See also
- 門歯 (monshi): incisor tooth
- 犬歯 (kenshi): canine tooth
- 小臼歯 (shōkyūshi): premolar
- 臼歯 (kyūshi): molar
- 象牙 (zōge): elephant tusk, ivory
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牙 |
|
かび Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Cognate with, and probably the noun derivation of, verb 黴びる (kabiru, “to go moldy”), from the root idea of something sprouting.[2] Used in the Kojiki.
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牙 |
|
は Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Non-standard alternate spelling for 歯 (ha, “tooth”).[2]
Pronunciation
Noun
Etymology 5
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牙 |
|
げ Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 牙 (ngæ). Compare modern Min Nan reading ge5.
The goon reading, so probably the reading as first imported into Japanese.
Pronunciation
Noun
Usage notes
The tooth meaning is much more commonly expressed using the word 歯 (ha).
Derived terms
Derived terms
|
Etymology 6
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 牙 |
|
が Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 牙 (ngæ). Compare modern Cantonese reading ngaa4.
The kan'on reading, so probably a later importation.
Pronunciation
Affix
Usage notes
The ga reading is only used in compounds, and is never used in isolation.
Derived terms
Derived terms
|
References
- 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- 1 2 3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean
Hanja
牙 • (a) (hangeul 아, McCune-Reischauer a, Yale a)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
牙 (nha, hữu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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