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Definition 2025
近
近
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
近 (radical 162 辵+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹一中 (YHML), four-corner 32302, composition ⿺辶斤)
References
- KangXi: page 1254, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38752
- Dae Jaweon: page 1736, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3819, character 12
- Unihan data for U+8FD1
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
近 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 近
| |
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Large seal script | Small seal script |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (斤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
蘄 | *ɡɯ, *kɯl, *ɡɯn |
祈 | *ɡɯl |
頎 | *ɡɯl |
旂 | *ɡɯl |
圻 | *ɡɯl, *ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn |
蚚 | *ɡɯl, *ɡɯːls |
岓 | *ɡɯl |
玂 | *ɡɯl |
沂 | *ŋɡɯl |
掀 | *qʰan |
釿 | *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋkɯn |
齗 | *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯn |
听 | *ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯnʔ |
垽 | *ŋrɯns, *qɯns |
斤 | *kɯn, *kɯns |
菦 | *kɯnʔ |
靳 | *kɯns |
劤 | *kɯns |
勁 | *kɯns, *keŋs |
赾 | *kʰɯnʔ |
芹 | *ɡɯn |
近 | *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns |
斦 | *ŋɡɯn |
欣 | *qʰɯn |
忻 | *qʰɯn |
昕 | *qʰɯn |
訢 | *qʰɯn |
炘 | *qʰɯn, *qʰɯns |
邤 | *qʰɯn |
庍 | *qʰɯns, *mpreːɡs |
焮 | *qʰɯns |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kan5, gan6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiun / khiûn
- Min Dong (BUC): gê̤ṳng
- Min Nan (POJ): kūn / kǔn / kīn / kīrn
- Wu (Wiktionary): jjin (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
- Wade-Giles: chin4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: kan5, gan6
- Yale: káhn, gahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: kan5, gan6
- IPA (key): /kʰɐn¹³/, /kɐn²²/
- Note: kan5 - vernacular; gan6 - literary.
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiun / khiûn
- Hakka Romanization System: kiun / kiun´
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiun4 / kiun1
- IPA: /kʰi̯un⁵⁵/, /kʰi̯un²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gê̤ṳng
- IPA (key): /køyŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūn
- Tâi-lô: kūn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kun
- IPA (Xiamen): /kun²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /kun³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔn
- Tâi-lô: kǔn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kun²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kīn
- Tâi-lô: kīn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kin
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin²²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin³³/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kīrn
- Tâi-lô: kīrn
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: jjin (T3)
- IPA (key): /d̥͡ʑɪɲ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
Variety | Location | 近 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕin⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕin⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕin⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕiə̃⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕin³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕiẽ⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕĩn¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕin³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕin¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕin²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕĩ¹/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕin⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕin⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕiŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /d͡ʑin³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /d͡ʑin¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /d͡ʑaŋ³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha |
/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕin¹¹/ |
Xiangtan | /d͡ʑin²¹/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰin²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian |
/kʰiun⁴⁴/ 好~ /kʰiun⁵³/ ~來 |
Taoyuan | /kʰuŋ²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kɐn²²/ |
Nanning |
/kʰɐn²⁴/ /kɐn²²/ |
|
Hong Kong | /kɐn²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /kun²²/ |
Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /køyŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /kyiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Min Nan) | /kɯŋ³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Min Nan) | /kin³³/ |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 近 | 近 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 群 (30) |
Final (韻) | 欣 (57) | 欣 (57) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | III | III |
Fanqie | 其謹切 | 巨靳切 |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɡɨnX/ | /ɡɨnH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɡɨnX/ | /ɡɨnH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ɡiənX/ | /ɡiənH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/gɨnX/ | /gɨnH/ |
Li Rong |
/ɡiənX/ | /ɡiənH/ |
Wang Li |
/ɡĭənX/ | /ɡĭənH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/gi̯ənX/ | /gi̯ənH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jìn | jìn |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 近 | 近 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jìn | jìn |
Middle Chinese |
‹ gjɨnX › | ‹ gjɨnH › |
Old Chinese |
/*N-kərʔ/ | /*s-N-kərʔ-s/ |
English | near | be near to (v.t.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
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Character | 近 | 近 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
No. | 6659 | 6660 |
Phonetic component |
斤 | 斤 |
Rime group |
文 | 文 |
Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
近 | 近 |
Old Chinese |
/*ɡɯnʔ/ | /*ɡɯns/ |
Definitions
近
Compounds
Derived terms from 近
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Korean
Hanja
近 • (geun) (hangeul 근, McCune-Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)
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