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Definition 2024


Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

(radical 185 首+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹月山 (THBU), four-corner 80601, composition𦣻)

  1. Kangxi radical #185, (head).

Derived terms

  • Index:Chinese radical/首

See also

References

  • KangXi: page 1427, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44489
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1953, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4500, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9996

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alt. forms 𩠐

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*l'uːʔ
*duːs
*hljuʔ, *hljus

Simplified from 𩠐 (). Originally Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljuʔ, *hljus) :  + 𦣻.

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Mizo lu (head). This word has also been compared with Proto-Austronesian *quluh (head) (Malay hulu) and Proto-Tai *klawᶜ ~ krawᶜ (head; hair knot) (Thai เกล้า (glâo, hair; head)), and was used by Sagart to support his Sino-Austronesian hypothesis. Compare (OC *l'uːʔ, “path, road”) (with the same phonetic component) and its relationship with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (road, way).

This word was replaced by (OC *doː, “head”) by the Warring States period, possibly due to early homophony with (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (26) (26)
Final () (136) (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕɨuX/ /ɕɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕiuX/ /ɕiuH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕiəuX/ /ɕiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕuwX/ /ɕuwH/
Li
Rong
/ɕiuX/ /ɕiuH/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭəuX/ /ɕĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕi̯ə̯uX/ /ɕi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shǒu shòu
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shǒu shǒu
Middle
Chinese
‹ syuwX › ‹ syuwH ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥uʔ/ /*l̥uʔ-s/
English head turn the head towards

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11671 11672
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljuʔ/ /*hljus/

Definitions

  1. head
  2. chief, leader
  3. start, beginning
  4. first; best; highest
  5. poem
  6. to face (a direction)
  7. side, direction
  8. to report someone to the authorities
  9. Classifier for songs and poems.  ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. neck
  2. counter for songs and poems
  3. beginning, first

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
くび
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

(hiragana くび, romaji kubi)

  1. neck (part of the body connecting head and torso)
  2. the neck and head as a whole
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

(hiragana おびと, romaji obito)

  1. (archaic) one who rules or commands a group of people; a chief

Etymology 3

kamipe > kampe > kaube > koːbe. Compound of either (kami, upper) or (kami, hair) with the suffix (he, location).

Noun

(hiragana こうべ, romaji kōbe, historical hiragana かうべ)

  1. (part of the body) head

Etymology 4

Counter

(hiragana しゅ, romaji -shu)

  1. poems and songs

See also

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Hanja

(su)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul):  (McCune-Reischauer: su, Yale: swu)
  • Name (hangeul): 머리 (revised: meori, McCune-Reischauer: mŏri)
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Vietnamese

Han character

(thủ, thú)

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