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Definition 2024
首
首
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
首 (radical 185 首+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹月山 (THBU), four-corner 80601, composition ⿱丷𦣻)
- Kangxi radical #185, ⾸ (“head”).
Derived terms
- Index:Chinese radical/首
- 道
See also
References
- KangXi: page 1427, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44489
- Dae Jaweon: page 1953, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4500, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9996
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
首 | |
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alt. forms | 𩠐 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 首
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Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (首) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
道 | *l'uːʔ |
導 | *duːs |
首 | *hljuʔ, *hljus |
Simplified from 𩠐 (巛 → 丷). Originally Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljuʔ, *hljus) : 巛 + 𦣻.
Etymology
Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Mizo lu (“head”). This word has also been compared with Proto-Austronesian *quluh (“head”) (Malay hulu) and Proto-Tai *klawᶜ ~ krawᶜ (“head; hair knot”) (Thai เกล้า (glâo, “hair; head”)), and was used by Sagart to support his Sino-Austronesian hypothesis. Compare 道 (OC *l'uːʔ, “path, road”) (with the same phonetic component) and its relationship with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”).
This word was replaced by 頭 (OC *doː, “head”) by the Warring States period, possibly due to early homophony with 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sau2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sú
- Min Dong (BUC): siū
- Min Nan (POJ): siú
- Wu (Wiktionary): seu (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ
- Wade-Giles: shou3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoou
- IPA (key): /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sau2
- Yale: sáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: sau2
- IPA (key): /sɐu̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú
- Hakka Romanization System: su`
- Hagfa Pinyim: su3
- IPA: /su³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siū
- IPA (key): /sieu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siú
- Tâi-lô: siú
- Phofsit Daibuun: siuo
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiu⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiu⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiu⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɕiu⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiu⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: seu (T2)
- IPA (key): /sɜ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | ||
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Character | 首 | 首 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 書 (26) |
Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | III | III |
Fanqie | 書九切 | 舒救切 |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɕɨuX/ | /ɕɨuH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɕiuX/ | /ɕiuH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ɕiəuX/ | /ɕiəuH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɕuwX/ | /ɕuwH/ |
Li Rong |
/ɕiuX/ | /ɕiuH/ |
Wang Li |
/ɕĭəuX/ | /ɕĭəuH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ɕi̯ə̯uX/ | /ɕi̯ə̯uH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shǒu | shòu |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
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Character | 首 | 首 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shǒu | shǒu |
Middle Chinese |
‹ syuwX › | ‹ syuwH › |
Old Chinese |
/*l̥uʔ/ | /*l̥uʔ-s/ |
English | head | turn the head towards |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
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Character | 首 | 首 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
No. | 11671 | 11672 |
Phonetic component |
首 | 首 |
Rime group |
幽 | 幽 |
Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
首 | 狩 |
Old Chinese |
/*hljuʔ/ | /*hljus/ |
Definitions
首
- head
- chief, leader
- start, beginning
- first; best; highest
- poem
- to face (a direction)
- side, direction
- to report someone to the authorities
- Classifier for songs and poems. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Goon: しゅ (shu)
- Kan’on: しゅう (shū)
- Kun: くび (kubi), おびと (obito), (rare) こうべ (koube), (rare) しるし (shirushi), (rare) つかさ (tsukasa)
- Nanori: おびと (obito), こべ (kobe), す (su)
Compounds
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Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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首 |
くび Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Noun
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Noun
首 (hiragana おびと, romaji obito)
- (archaic) one who rules or commands a group of people; a chief
Etymology 3
kamipe > kampe > kaube > koːbe. Compound of either 上 (kami, “upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”) with the suffix 方 (he, “location”).
Noun
首 (hiragana こうべ, romaji kōbe, historical hiragana かうべ)
- (part of the body) head
Etymology 4
Counter
首 (hiragana しゅ, romaji -shu)
See also
References
Korean
Hanja
首 • (su)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 수 (McCune-Reischauer: su, Yale: swu)
- Name (hangeul): 머리 (revised: meori, McCune-Reischauer: mŏri)
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Vietnamese
Han character
首 (thủ, thú)
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