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Definition 2024

上

上

上 U+4E0A, 上
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E0A
← 三
[U+4E09] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 下 →
[U+4E0B]
See also: 丄

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

上 (radical 1 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 卜一 (YM), four-corner 21100, composition ⿱卜一)

References

  • KangXi: page 76, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13
  • Dae Jaweon: page 145, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 5, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4E0A

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 上
alt. forms 丄
𠄞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 上
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Oracle bone script

j00024

j00025

j00026

j00027

j00028

j00029

j00030
Bronze inscriptions

b00109

b00110

b00111

b00112

b00113

b00114

b00115

b00116

b00117

b00118

b00119

b00120

b00121

b00122

b00123

b00124

b00125

b00126

b00127

b00128

b00129

b00130

b00131

b00132

b00133
Large seal script

L35088

L35089

L35090

L35091

L35092

L35093

L35094

L17519

L17520

L17521

L17522

L17523

L17524

L17525

L17526

L17527

L17528

L17529
Small seal script

s00008
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (上) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丄 *djaŋʔ, *djaŋs
上 *djaŋʔ, *djaŋs

Ideogram (指事) : a line above another (contrast 下) — up.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ.

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 上
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 時亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑiɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑɨaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 上
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyangH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*daŋʔ-s/
English top, above (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 上
Reading # 2/2
No. 11103
Phonetic
component		 上
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 尚
Old
Chinese		 /*djaŋs/

Definitions

上

  1. upper part; high position; up
    Antonyms: 下 (xià)
  2. †emperor
  3. on; above
    • 樹上 / 树上  ―  shù shàng  ―  on the tree
    • 筆在桌上。 / 笔在桌上。  ―  Bǐ zài zhuō shàng.  ―  The pen is on the desk.
  4. superior; senior; top
  5. preceding; previous; last; former
    • 上年  ―  shàng nián  ―  last year
    • 上集  ―  shàng jí  ―  last episode
  6. first of several (usually two or three) partitions
    Antonyms: 中 (zhōng), 下 (xià)
  7. within, in, from the standpoint of, according to
  8. (Min Nan) most; extremely

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 上
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 時掌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑɨɐŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiɐŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑiɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑɨaŋX/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiaŋX/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭaŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯aŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 上 上
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shàng shàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyangX › ‹ dzyangX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə-daŋʔ/ /*m-daŋʔ/
English ascend to put up

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 上
Reading # 1/2
No. 11102
Phonetic
component		 上
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 上
Old
Chinese		 /*djaŋʔ/

Definitions

上

  1. to go up; to ascend
  2. to go to; to leave for (a place)
  3. to board; to get on
    • 請上車。 / 请上车。  ―  Qǐng shàng chē.  ―  Please get into the car.
  4. to attend (class, work)
    • 上班  ―  shàngbān  ―  to go to work
    • 她上夜校。  ―  Tā shàng yèxiào.  ―  She goes to night school.
  5. to enter (a field); to appear (on stage)
  6. to fit; to install; to apply
  7. to ****; to tighten, to twist
  8. (colloquial) Short for 上線 (“to go online”).
  9. to connect to, browse (a website)
    • 上谷歌  ―  shàng Gǔgē  ―  to go on Google; to google
  10. (Min) to pull upwards or hang with a rope
  11. (Min Nan) to grow and attach
  12. (Xiamen Min Nan) to pile up
  13. (vulgar, of a male) to ****; to have intercourse with a female
  14. Particle following verbs, indicating direction or achievement.

Pronunciation 3

Rime
Character 上
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 時掌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑɨɐŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiɐŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑiɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑɨaŋX/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiaŋX/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭaŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯aŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 上
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyangX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə-daŋʔ/
English ascend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 上
Reading # 1/2
No. 11102
Phonetic
component		 上
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 上
Old
Chinese		 /*djaŋʔ/

Definitions

上

  1. Only used in 上聲 (“rising tone in Chinese phonetics”).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

上

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

  • 上石 (あげいし, ​ageishi)
  • 上人 (しょうにん, ​shōnin)

Etymology 1

/upe/ → /uɸe/ → /uwe/ → /ue/

Pronunciation

Noun

上 ‎(hiragana うえ, romaji ue, historical hiragana うへ)

  1. the above
  2. the top (position, or direction)
  3. the surface of
Compounds

Etymology 2

/upa/ → /uɸa/ → /uwa/

Noun

上 ‎(hiragana うわ, romaji uwa, historical hiragana うは)

  1. upper, over
Compounds

Etymology 3

//kami1/ → /kami/

Pronunciation

Noun

上 ‎(hiragana かみ, romaji kami)

  1. the start
  2. a high place; the top
  3. one with a high rank

Etymology 4

/zyau/ → /zyɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/

Noun

上 ‎(hiragana じょう, romaji jō, historical hiragana じやう)

  1. the first volume in a two- or three-volume set
Compounds

Suffix

上 ‎(hiragana じょう, romaji -jō, historical hiragana じやう)

  1. from the standpoint of
    理論 (りろん)上 (じょう)はありえないこと
    riron-jō wa arienai koto
    something that is impossible according to theory
  2. aboard (a plane or ship)
  3. above, in, on
Compounds

References

  1. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  2. 1 2 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō

Korean

Hanja

上 • ‎(sang)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 상 (revised: sang, McCune-Reischauer: sang)
  • Name (hangeul): 윗 (revised: wit, McCune-Reischauer: wit)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Vietnamese

Han character

上 (thượng)

  1. King, emperor
  2. One who's high - ranked
  3. To go forward, above
  4. To fill with liquid
  5. To sprinkle
  6. To light up

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