Definify.com
Webster 1913 Edition
Dun
Dun
,Verb.
T.
To cure, as codfish, in a particular manner, by laying them, after salting, in a pile in a dark place, covered with salt grass or some like substance.
Dun
(dŭn)
, Verb.
T.
& I.
[
imp. & p. p.
Dunned
(dŭnd)
; p. pr. & vb. n.
Dunning
(dŭn′nĭng)
.] [AS.
dyne
noise, dynian
to make a noise, or fr. Icel. dynr
, duna
, noise, thunder, duna
to thunder; the same word as E. din
. √74. See Din
.] To ask or beset (e.g., a debtor), for payment; to urge importunately.
Hath she sent so soon to
dun
? Swift.
Dun
,Noun.
1.
One who duns; a dunner.
To be pulled by the sleeve by some rascally
dun
. Arbuthnot.
2.
An urgent request or demand of payment;
as, he sent his debtor a
. dun
Dun
,Adj.
[AS.
dunn
, of Celtic origin; cf. W. dwn
, Ir. & Gael. donn
.] Of a dark color; of a color partaking of a brown and black; of a dull brown color; swarthy.
Summer’s
dun
cloud comes thundering up. Pierpont.
Chill and
Falls on the moor the brief November day.
dun
Falls on the moor the brief November day.
Keble.
Dun crow
(Zool.)
, the hooded crow; – so called from its color; – also called
– hoody
, and hoddy
. Dun diver
(Zool.)
, the goosander or merganser.
Webster 1828 Edition
Dun
DUN
,Adj.
1.
Of a dark color; of a color partaking of a brown and black; of a dull brown color; swarthy.2.
Dark; gloomy.In the dun air sublime.
DUN
,Verb.
T.
DUN
,Verb.
T.
1.
Literally, to clamor for payment of a debt. Hence, to urge for payment; to demand a debt in a pressing manner; to urge for payment with importunity. But in common usage, dun is often used in a milder sense, and signifies to call for, or ask for payment.2.
To urge importunately, in a general sense, but not an elegant word.DUN
,Noun.
1.
An importunate creditor who urges for payment.2.
An urgent request or demand of payment in writing; as, he sent his debtor a dun.3.
An eminence or mound. [See Down and Town.]Definition 2024
dún
dún
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d̪ˠuːnˠ/
Etymology 1
From Old Irish dún, from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold”).
Noun
dún m (genitive singular dúin or dúna, nominative plural dúnta or dúna)
Declension
Declension of dún
First declension
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Bare forms:
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Forms with the definite article:
|
- Alternative declension
Declension of dún
Third declension
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Bare forms:
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Forms with the definite article:
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Derived terms
Terms derived from dún
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Etymology 2
From Old Irish dúnaid, dúinid (“shuts, closes; blocks, obstructs; joins, clasps; closes, ends”).
Verb
dún (present analytic dúnann, future analytic dúnfaidh, verbal noun dúnadh, past participle dúnta)
- (transitive, intransitive) close, shut
- (transitive, intransitive) draw together; secure, fasten
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | dúnaim | dúnann tú; dúnair† |
dúnann sé, sí | dúnaimid | dúnann sibh | dúnann siad; dúnaid† |
a dhúnann; a dhúnas / a ndúnann*; a ndúnas* |
dúntar |
| past | dhún mé; dhúnas | dhún tú; dhúnais | dhún sé, sí | dhúnamar; dhún muid | dhún sibh; dhúnabhair | dhún siad; dhúnadar | a dhún / ar dhún* |
dúnadh | |
| past habitual | dhúnainn | dhúntá | dhúnadh sé, sí | dhúnaimis; dhúnadh muid | dhúnadh sibh | dhúnaidís; dhúnadh siad | a dhúnadh / ar dhúnadh* |
dhúntaí | |
| future | dúnfaidh mé; dúnfad |
dúnfaidh tú; dúnfair† |
dúnfaidh sé, sí | dúnfaimid; dúnfaidh muid |
dúnfaidh sibh | dúnfaidh siad; dúnfaid† |
a dhúnfaidh; a dhúnfas / a ndúnfaidh*; a ndúnfas* |
dúnfar | |
| conditional | dhúnfainn | dhúnfá | dhúnfadh sé, sí | dhúnfaimis; dhúnfadh muid | dhúnfadh sibh | dhúnfaidís; dhúnfadh siad | a dhúnfadh / ar dhúnfadh* |
dhúnfaí | |
| subjunctive | present | go ndúna mé; go ndúnad† |
go ndúna tú; go ndúnair† |
go ndúna sé, sí | go ndúnaimid; go ndúna muid |
go ndúna sibh | go ndúna siad; go ndúnaid† |
— | go ndúntar |
| past | dá ndúnainn | dá ndúntá | dá ndúnadh sé, sí | dá ndúnaimis; dá ndúnadh muid |
dá ndúnadh sibh | dá ndúnaidís; dá ndúnadh siad |
— | dá ndúntaí | |
| imperative | dúnaim | dún | dúnadh sé, sí | dúnaimis | dúnaigí; dúnaidh† |
dúnaidís | — | dúntar | |
| verbal noun | dúnadh | ||||||||
| past participle | dúnta | ||||||||
* Indirect relative
† Dialect form
Alternative forms
- dúin (Cois Fharraige)
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| dún | dhún | ndún |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- "dún" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- “dún” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- “dúnaid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /duːn/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold”).
Noun
dún n (genitive dúin or dúine, nominative plural dúine)
Inflection
| Neuter o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | |||
| Vocative | |||
| Accusative | |||
| Genitive | |||
| Dative | |||
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Descendants
Etymology 2
Pronoun
dún
- Alternative spelling of dúnn
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| dún | dún pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ |
ndún |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- “dún” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.