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Definition 2024

estar

estar

Aragonese

Verb

estar

  1. to be

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Provençal estar, from Latin stāre ‎(“stand”), present active infinitive of stō ‎(“stand”)

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

estar ‎(first-person singular present estic, past participle estat)

  1. (transitive, copulative) to currently be in a state or have a characteristic (Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes a temporary state of being.)
    Estic cansada.
    I am tired.
  2. (auxiliary) Used to form the continuous aspect, together with a present participle.
    Ja està dormint.
    He is already sleeping.
  3. (intransitive, +adverbial phrase) To be located (to be in a place)
    La Torre Eiffel està a París.
    The Eiffel Tower is in Paris.

Usage notes

This is one of two verbs that can be translated as to be, the other being ser/ésser. Ser/ésser indicates something that is inherent and not expected to change, whereas estar describes temporary qualities that apply only at a particular time. Ser/ésser relates to estar as essence relates to state, etymologically as well as semantically.

Conjugation

Related terms

References

Galician

Etymology

From Old Portuguese estar, from Latin stāre ‎(“stand”), present active infinitive of stō ‎(“stand”)

Verb

estar ‎(first-person singular present estou, first-person singular preterite estiven, past participle estado)

  1. to be

Usage notes

Like Portuguese and Spanish, Galician has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”. The verb ser relates to essence, origin, or physical description. In contrast, the verb estar relates to current state or position.

Conjugation

See also

Ladino

Etymology

From Latin stāre ‎(“stand”), present active infinitive of stō ‎(“stand”).

Verb

estar ‎(Latin spelling)

  1. to be, be present

Old Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈestar/

Verb

·estar

  1. third-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of ithid

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
·estar unchanged ·n-estar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Portuguese

Alternative forms

  • tá (Brazil, nonstandard)
  • tar (Portugal, nonstandard)

Etymology

From Old Portuguese estar, from Latin stāre ‎(“stand”), present active infinitive of stō ‎(“stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.

Pronunciation

  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /iʃ.ˈtaɾ/, /ɨʃ.ˈtaɾ/, /ˈʃtaɾ/
  • (Portugal, nonstandard) IPA(key): /ˈtaɾ/
  • (Paulista) IPA(key): /is.ˈta(ɾ)/, /is.ˈta(ɹ)/
  • (Carioca) IPA(key): /iʃ.ˈta(χ)/
  • (Brazil, nonstandard) IPA(key): /ˈta/
  • (Brazil) Homophone: está

Verb

estar ‎(first-person singular present indicative estou, past participle estado)

  1. (transitive with em or another locational preposition) to be (indicates location in space)
    Onde estás?‎
    Where are you?
    Estou em casa.‎
    I am at home.
  2. (copulative) to be (denotes a transient quality; a quality expected to change)
    O tempo estava frio.‎
    The weather was cold (at that moment).
    Estás louco?‎
    Are you crazy (right now)?
    A maçã está madura.‎
    The apple is ripe.
  3. (auxiliary with a and a verb in the infinitive (Portugal) or with the gerund (Brazil)) to be (forms the progressive aspect)
    Ela está cantando? / Ela está a cantar?‎
    Is she singing?
    Estavam trabalhando muito.‎
    They were working a lot.
    Estavamos a ler muito.‎
    We had been reading a lot.
    Estaremos a ler livros.‎
    We will be reading books.
  4. (transitive) to cost (to be worth a certain amount of money), especially of something whose price changes often.
    O quilo de maçã está dois euros.‎
    A kilogram of apples costs two euros.

Quotations

For usage examples of this term, see Citations:estar.

Usage notes

Conjugation

Synonyms

Derived terms

  • estar frito
  • estar para
  • estar para nascer
  • estar por

See also

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin stāre ‎(“stand”), present active infinitive of stō ‎(“stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.

Pronunciation

Verb

estar ‎(first-person singular present estoy, first-person singular preterite estuve, past participle estado)

  1. to be (have a (transient) location in space). Compare ser, quedar.
    ¿Dónde estás?
    Where are you?
    Estoy en casa.
    I am at home.
  2. to be (Denotes a copula, in a transient fashion). Compare ser.
    El tiempo estaba frío.
    The weather was cold [back then].
    ¿Estás feliz?
    Are you happy [right now]?
    El vaso está roto.
    The vase is broken (estar, rather than ser, precedes a past participle that is an adjective instead of a passive verb).
  3. to be (Auxiliary verb for the progressive/continuous aspect) (precedes the gerund of the verb)
    Ella está cantando.
    She is singing.
  4. (reflexive) To be, feel (Denotes a copula, in a transient fashion)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of estar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)edit data
infinitive estar
gerund estando
past participle masculine feminine
singular estado estada
plural estados estadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present estoy estás está estamos estáis están
imperfect estaba estabas estaba estábamos estabais estaban
preterite estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvisteis estuvieron
future estaré estarás estará estaremos estaréis estarán
conditional estaría estarías estaría estaríamos estaríais estarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present esté estés esté estemos estéis estén
imperfect
(ra)		 estuviera estuvieras estuviera estuviéramos estuvierais estuvieran
imperfect
(se)		 estuviese estuvieses estuviese estuviésemos estuvieseis estuviesen
future estuviere estuvieres estuviere estuviéremos estuviereis estuvieren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative está esté estemos estad estén
negative no estés no esté no estemos no estéis no estén

Other verbs with this conjugation:

<a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Spanish_verbs_ending_in_-ar_(conjugation_estar)'>Spanish verbs ending in -ar (conjugation estar)</a>
    Selected combined forms of estaredit data

These forms are generated automatically and may not be attested. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive estar
dative estarme estarte, estarle estarle, estarse estarnos estaros, estarles estarles, estarse
accusative estarme estarte, estarlo, estarla estarlo, estarla, estarse estarnos estaros, estarlos, estarlas estarlos, estarlas, estarse
with gerund estando
dative estándome estándote, estándole estándole, estándose estándonos estándoos, estándoles estándoles, estándose
accusative estándome estándote, estándolo, estándola estándolo, estándola, estándose estándonos estándoos, estándolos, estándolas estándolos, estándolas, estándose
with informal second-person singular imperative está
dative éstame éstate, éstale éstale éstanos éstaos, éstales éstales
accusative éstame éstate, éstalo, éstala éstalo, éstala éstanos éstaos, éstalos, éstalas éstalos, éstalas
with formal second-person singular imperative esté
dative ésteme éstete, éstele éstele, éstese éstenos ésteles ésteles, éstese
accusative ésteme éstete, éstelo, éstela éstelo, éstela, éstese éstenos éstelos, éstelas éstelos, éstelas, éstese
with first-person plural imperative estemos
dative not used estémosle estémosle estémonos estémosles estémosles
accusative not used estémoslo, estémosla estémoslo, estémosla estémonos estémoslos, estémoslas estémoslos, estémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative estad
dative estadme estadle estadle estadnos estaos, estadles estadles
accusative estadme estadlo, estadla estadlo, estadla estadnos estaos, estadlos, estadlas estadlos, estadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative estén
dative éstenme éstente, éstenle éstenle, éstense éstenos éstenles éstenles, éstense
accusative éstenme éstente, éstenlo, éstenla éstenlo, éstenla, éstense éstenos éstenlos, éstenlas éstenlos, éstenlas, éstense

Usage notes

  • Spanish has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”: ser relates to essence, contrasting with estar, which relates to state. Compare the following:
  • El hombre está feliz.—“The man is [currently] happy.”
  • El hombre es feliz.—“The man is [always] happy.”
  • ¿Estás loco?—“Are you crazy [currently out of your mind]?”
  • ¿Eres loco?—“Are you crazy [permanently insane]?”

Derived terms

  • estar por + infinitive: “to be to be done”, “to be (still) undone”:
    Esto todavía está por hacer.‎
    This is still to be done.

Related terms

Descendants

  • Hiligaynon: istar

See also

Etymology

From Latin stāre ‎(“stand”), present active infinitive of stō ‎(“stand”).

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