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Definition 2024
兄
兄
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Translingual
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Han character
兄 (radical 10 儿+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口竹山 (RHU), four-corner 60210, composition ⿱口儿)
Derived characters
Related characters
References
- KangXi: page 123, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1343
- Dae Jaweon: page 259, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 266, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5144
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
兄 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥ
- Wade-Giles: hsiung1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiong
- IPA (key): /ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hing1
- Yale: hīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hing1
- IPA (key): /hɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiûng
- Hakka Romanization System: hiung´
- Hagfa Pinyim: hiung1
- IPA: /hi̯uŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiaⁿ / heng
- Tâi-lô: hiann / hing
- Phofsit Daibuun: hviaf, hefng
- IPA (Xiamen): /hiã⁴⁴/, /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hiã³³/, /hiɪŋ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiã⁴⁴/, /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /hiã⁴⁴/, /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiã⁴⁴/, /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- Note: hiaⁿ - vernacular; heng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hian1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiaⁿ
- IPA (key): /hĩã³³/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 兄 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕioŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕioŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕioŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕioŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕyoŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕioŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ɕyə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕyoŋ/ | |
| Lanzhou | /xỹn³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕioŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕioŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕyoŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕioŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕioŋ/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕioŋ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /xiŋ²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕyəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao |
/ɕioŋ¹³/ /ɕy¹³/ ～弟 |
|
| Hohhot | /ɕỹŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕioŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɕioŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɕioŋ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɕoŋ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕyʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕyɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕioŋ³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɕin³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang |
/ɕiɑŋ⁴²/ /ɕiuŋ⁴²/ 弟～ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hiuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /hioŋ²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /heŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /heŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/hiŋ⁵/ /hia⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /hiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) |
/xœyŋ⁵⁴/ /xiaŋ⁵⁴/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /hiã³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/hia²³/ /hia⁵⁵/ ～兄 |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 兄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (112) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許榮切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hˠwiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/hʷᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xiuaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/hwiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/xiuɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/xĭwɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xi̯wɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xiōng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 兄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xiōng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ xjwæng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*m̥raŋ/ |
| English | elder brother |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 兄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13905 |
| Phonetic component |
兄 |
| Rime group |
陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
兄 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hmraŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象張口呵喝之人，金文有往聲者。疑初與孟同源 |
Definitions
兄
- elder brother
- elder male cousin
- 堂兄 ― tángxiōng ― father’s brother’s son older than oneself
- brother (male friend of the same generation)
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Noun
- one's own elder brother
Synonyms
Idioms
- 兄たり難く弟たり難し
Etymology 2
Noun
- an elder sibling
Etymology 3
Noun
- a woman's brother
- a woman's lover or husband
Derived terms
- いろせ (irose)
- 汝兄 (nase)
- 兄子 (seko)
- 兄な (sena)
- 兄ろ (sero)
Etymology 4
Compound of 子 (ko, “child”) + の (no, “genitive case marker”) + 上 (kami, “upper”).
Noun
兄 (hiragana このかみ, romaji konokami)
- an elder sibling
References
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
兄 • (hyeong, hwang)
Eumhun:
- Name (hangeul): 형, 두려워하다 (revised: hyeong, duryeowohada, McCune-Reischauer: hyŏng, turyŏwŏhada, Yale: hyeng, twuryewehata)
Vietnamese
Han character
兄 (huynh)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Etymology
| Historical forms of the character 兄
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (兄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 怳 | *hmaŋʔ |
| 況 | *hmaŋs |
| 貺 | *hmaŋs |
| 况 | *hmaŋs |
| 兄 | *hmraŋ |