Definify.com
Definition 2025
國
國
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
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| Taiwanese stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Alternative forms
- 囗 (This character is used unofficially as a shorthand for 國 and 圍.)
- 𡆸 (Also a variant of 日.)
- 𡆻, 𡇎, 𡇏, 𡇕, 𡈑, 𢦾, 𢧌, 𤦒, 𤦂
Han character
國 (radical 31 囗+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田戈口一 (WIRM), four-corner 60153, composition ⿴囗或)
References
- KangXi: page 219, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4798
- Dae Jaweon: page 447, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 720, character 9
- Unihan data for U+570B
Chinese
| trad. | 國 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 国 | |
| alt. forms | ||
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 國
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 幗 | *kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 慖 | *kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 簂 | *kʷɯːɡs |
| 蔮 | *kʷɯːɡs |
| 國 | *kʷɯːɡ |
| 或 | *ɡʷɯːɡ |
| 惑 | *ɡʷɯːɡ |
| 蜮 | *ɡʷɯːɡ, *ɢʷrɯɡ |
| 閾 | *qʰʷrɯɡ |
| 緎 | *qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 淢 | *qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 域 | *ɢʷrɯɡ |
| 罭 | *ɢʷrɯɡ |
| 棫 | *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 琙 | *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 魊 | *ɡʷrɯɡ |
| 馘 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 聝 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 膕 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 摑 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 漍 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 嘓 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 蟈 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
| 掝 | *qʰʷrɯːɡ |
| 彧 | *qʷrɯɡ |
| 稶 | *qʷɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʷɯːɡ) : semantic 囗 (“closure”) + phonetic 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwok3
- Gan (Wiktionary): guet6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): koet
- Jin (Wiktionary): gueh6
- Min Dong (BUC): guók
- Min Nan (POJ): kok
- Wu (Wiktionary): koq (T4)
- Xiang (Wiktionary): gue6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˊ
- Wade-Giles: ko2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwo
- IPA (key): /ku̯ɔ³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gwok3
- Yale: gwok
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwok8
- IPA (key): /kʷɔːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koet
- Hakka Romanization System: gued`
- Hagfa Pinyim: gued5
- IPA: /ku̯et̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: guók
- IPA (key): /kuɔʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok
- Tâi-lô: kok
- Phofsit Daibuun: kog
- IPA (Xiamen): /kɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /kɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: koq (T4)
- IPA (key): /kʊʔ⁵⁵/
- (Shanghainese)
- Xiang
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 國 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kuo³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /kuo²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /kuo⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /kuə⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /kuə⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou |
/kuo²⁴/ /kuɛ²⁴/ |
|
| Xi'an | /kuei²¹/ | |
| Xining | /kuɨ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /kuə¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /kuə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /kuɤ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /kuɤ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /kue³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /kuɛ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ko³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /kueʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /kuɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kuəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /kuʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /kuaʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /koʔ⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /kuəʔ⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /koʔ⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /kai²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /kuʔ²¹/ |
| Tunxi | /kuə⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kuə²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ko²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kuɛʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kuet̚¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /kuet̚²²/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kwɔk̚³/ |
| Nanning | /kɔk̚³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kwɔk̚³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /kɔk̚³²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kuɔʔ²³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ko²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /kok̚²/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /kok̚⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 國 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (132) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古或切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kwək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʷək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kuək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kwək̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/kuək̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/kuək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kwək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
guo |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 國 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
guó |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kwok › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[C.q]ʷˤək/ |
| English | state (n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 國 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5547 |
| Phonetic component |
或 |
| Rime group |
職 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
國 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʷɯːɡ/ |
Definitions
國
Compounds
Derived terms from 國
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Japanese
Kanji
國
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 国)
Readings
Noun
國 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 国, hiragana くに, romaji kuni)






