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Definition 2025
增
增
See also: 増
Translingual
| Shinjitai | 増 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 增 |
| Traditional | 增 |
Han character
增 (radical 32 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土金田日 (GCWA), four-corner 48166, composition ⿰土曾)
Related characters
Descendants
References
- KangXi: page 238, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5454
- Dae Jaweon: page 477, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 489, character 6
- Unihan data for U+589E
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
增 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 增
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (曾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 潧 | *ʔsrɯn |
| 繒 | *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ |
| 增 | *ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs |
| 憎 | *ʔsɯːŋ |
| 磳 | *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ |
| 曾 | *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ |
| 矰 | *ʔsɯːŋ |
| 罾 | *ʔsɯːŋ |
| 熷 | *ʔsɯːŋ |
| 竲 | *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ |
| 橧 | *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ |
| 譄 | *ʔsɯːŋ |
| 蹭 | *sʰɯːŋs |
| 層 | *zɯːŋ |
| 贈 | *zɯːŋs |
| 僧 | *sɯːŋ |
| 鬙 | *sɯːŋ |
| 甑 | *ʔsɯŋs |
| 鄫 | *zɯŋ |
| 驓 | *zɯŋ |
| 嶒 | *zɯŋ |
| 噌 | *sʰɯːŋ |
| 鏳 | *zrɯːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ) – things grow in the earth, to build from earth.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄥ
- Wade-Giles: tsêng1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeng
- IPA (key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zang1, cang4
- Yale: jāng, chàhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzang1, tsang4
- IPA (key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chen
- Hakka Romanization System: zen
- Hagfa Pinyim: zen4
- IPA: /t͡sen⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng
- Tâi-lô: tsng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zngf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
- Tâi-lô: tsing
- Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 增 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡səŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /t͡səŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡səŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡səŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡səŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡səŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡səŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /t͡sə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡səŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡sə̃n³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡sɤŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sən⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡sən⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡sen⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡sə̃/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡sən³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡sən²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡səŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡səŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡sən⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡sen³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡saŋ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sən³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡sən³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sɛn⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sen⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sen²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sɐŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡sɛiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡saiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡seŋ³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/t͡seŋ³³/ /t͡sɔŋ³⁵/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 增 | 增 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 登 (129) | 登 (129) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 作滕切 | 子鄧切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡səŋ/ | /t͡səŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡səŋ/ | /t͡səŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡səŋ/ | /t͡səŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/t͡səŋ/ | /t͡səŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡səŋ/ | /t͡səŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡səŋ/ | /t͡səŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡səŋ/ | /t͡səŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zēng | zèng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 增 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zēng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsong › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s-tˤəŋ/ |
| English | increase |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 增 | 增 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16613 | 16623 |
| Phonetic component |
曾 | 曾 |
| Rime group |
蒸 | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
增 | |
| Old Chinese |
/*ʔsɯːŋ/ | /*ʔsɯːŋs/ |
Definitions
增
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
增 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune-Reischauer chŭng)