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Definition 2024


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Translingual

Han character

(radical 60 +9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人日水 (HOOAE), four-corner 28247, composition)

  1. return
  2. repeat, repeatedly

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 369, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10183
  • Dae Jaweon: page 695, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 834, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5FA9

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*brɯɡ
*puɡs, *puɡ
*pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
*buɡs, *buɡ
*buɡs, *buɡ
*buɡs, *puɡ
*brɯɡ, *buɡ
*puɡ
*puɡ, *buɡ
*pʰuɡ
*pʰuɡ, *buɡ
*buɡ
*buɡ
*buɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *buɡs, *buɡ) : semantic  (walk) + phonetic  (OC *buɡ, repeat).

Walk back and forth.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (3) (3)
Final () (136) (4)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bɨuH/ /bɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/biuH/ /biuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/biəuH/ /biuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/buwH/ /buwk̚/
Li
Rong
/biuH/ /biuk̚/
Wang
Li
/bĭəuH/ /bĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱi̯ə̯uH/ /bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fòu
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ bjuwH › ‹ bjuwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*[N]-pruk-s/ /*m-p(r)uk/
English again return

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3537 3550
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*buɡs/ /*buɡ/

Definitions

  1. to return
  2. to repeat
  3. repeatedly
  4. 24th hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. restore
  2. return to
  3. revert
  4. resume

Readings


Korean

Hanja

(bok, bu) (hangeul , , revised bok, bu, McCune-Reischauer pok, pu, Yale pok, pu)

  1. return
  2. repeat
  3. repeatedly

Vietnamese

Han character

(phục, phức)

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