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Definition 2024
春
春
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
There are minor differences in where the last stroke of the top component (top-left to bottom-right diagonal) starts – on the second horizontal stroke or on the third.
Han character
春 (radical 72 日+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手大日 (QKA), four-corner 50603, composition ⿱𡗗日)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 493, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13844
- Dae Jaweon: page 856, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1496, character 10
- Unihan data for U+6625
See also
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
春 |
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Etymology
Historical forms of the character 春
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Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (屯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
躉 | *tuːnʔ |
窀 | *rduːn, *duːn, *tun |
沌 | *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ |
盹 | *tuːnʔ, *tjuns |
頓 | *tuːns |
扽 | *tuːns |
黗 | *tʰuːn, *tʰuːnʔ |
吨 | *tʰuːnʔ |
屯 | *duːn, *tun |
飩 | *duːn |
豘 | *duːn |
軘 | *duːn |
坉 | *duːn |
邨 | *duːn, *stʰuːn |
忳 | *duːn |
芚 | *duːn |
庉 | *duːn, *duːnʔ |
囤 | *duːnʔ |
迍 | *tun |
杶 | *tʰun |
瑃 | *tʰun |
椿 | *tʰun |
偆 | *tʰunʔ, *tʰjunʔ |
肫 | *tjun |
訰 | *tjun, *tjuns |
純 | *tjunʔ, *djun |
春 | *tʰjun |
蠢 | *tʰjunʔ |
踳 | *tʰjunʔ |
惷 | *tʰjunʔ |
蒓 | *djun |
賰 | *hljunʔ |
鬊 | *hljuns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰjun) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun, “sprout”) + semantic 日 (“sun”).
The character 春 itself is probably a variant of 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun) as they are equivalent for the meaning “spring” in Old Chinese literature.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûn
- Min Dong (BUC): chŭng
- Min Nan (POJ): chhun
- Wu (Wiktionary): tshen (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣ
- Wade-Giles: ch'un1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuen
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ceon1
- Yale: chēun
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen1
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰɵn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn
- Hakka Romanization System: cun´
- Hagfa Pinyim: cun1
- IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chŭng
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun
- Tâi-lô: tshun
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhwn
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tshen (T1)
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰəɲ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
Variety | Location | 春 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin |
/ʈ͡ʂʰuən²¹/ /t͡sʰuən²¹/ |
|
Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuẽ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /p͡fʰẽ²¹/ | |
Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /p͡fʰə̃n³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰyn⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡sʰuən⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡sʰuen⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰun³¹/ | |
Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡sʰuŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡sʰũŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰəŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡sʰən⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡sʰz̩ʷen³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰoŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰyʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰyan¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰyn³³/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰyn³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰun⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /tʃʰun²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰøn⁵³/ |
Nanning |
/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/ /t͡sʰyn⁵⁵/ |
|
Hong Kong | /t͡sʰøn⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰun⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰuŋ³³/ | |
Haikou (Min Nan) | /sun²³/ |
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 春 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Closed |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 昌脣切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕʰiuɪn/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕʰʷin/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕʰjuen/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/cʰwin/ |
Li Rong |
/t͡ɕʰiuĕn/ |
Wang Li |
/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chūn |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 春 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chūn |
Middle Chinese |
‹ tsyhwin › |
Old Chinese |
/*tʰun/ |
English | springtime |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 春 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 12573 |
Phonetic component |
屯 |
Rime group |
文 |
Rime subdivision |
2 |
Corresponding MC rime |
春 |
Old Chinese |
/*tʰjun/ |
Notes | 說文從艸從日屯聲,實屯繁化轉註字 |
Definitions
春
- spring (season)
- 春天 ― chūntiān ― spring
- year; age
- spring scenery
- vitality; liveliness; energy; life
- lust; lustfulness; passion; sexual desire
- 思春期 ― sīchūnqī ― puberty
- a type of liquor which is brewed from spring to winter
See also
Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì) (layout · text) | |||
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春 (“spring”) | 夏 (xià, “summer”) | 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (dōng, “winter”) |
Compounds
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|
|
Japanese
Kanji
- spring (season)
Readings
Compounds
- 小春 (koharu): early autumn, Indian summer
- 小春日和 (koharubiyori): early autumn, Indian summer
- 常春 (tokoharu): everlasting spring
- 初春 (hatsuharu), 初春 (shoshun): early spring, New Year
- 春菊 (shungiku): garland chrysanthemum
- 春秋 (shunjū): spring and autumn, months and years, Chronicles of Lu
- 春秋戦国 (shunjūsengoku): Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period in China
- 春一番 (haruichiban): first storm of spring
- 春風 (harukaze): spring breeze
- 春霞 (harugasumi) springtime haze
- 春着 (harugi): springwear, New Year's clothes
- 春蚕 (harugo): spring breed of silkworms
- 春先 (harusaki): beginning of spring
- 春雨 (harusame): spring rain, Japanese vermicelli
- 春場所 (harubasho): the spring sumo tournament in Osaka
- 春繭 (harumayu): the spring cocoon crop
- 春休み (haruyasumi): spring break
- 来春 (raishun): next spring
- 翌春 (yokushun): next spring
- 春分 (shunbun) spring equinox, vernal equinox
Pronunciation
Kanji in this term |
---|
春 |
はる Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Noun
- spring (season)
Synonyms
Derived terms
- 春めく (harumeku)
See also
Seasons in Japanese · 四季 (shiki) (layout · text) | |||
---|---|---|---|
春 (haru, “spring”) | 夏 (natsu, “summer”) | 秋 (aki, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (fuyu, “winter”) |
Korean
Hanja
春 • (chun) (hangeul 춘, revised chun, McCune-Reischauer ch'un, Yale chwun)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
春 (xoan, xuân)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.