Translingual

Han character

站 (radical 117 立+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿卜口 (YTYR), four-corner 0116₀)

References

• KangXi: page 870, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25742
• Dae Jaweon: page 1300, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2707, character 28
• Unihan data for U+7AD9

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rteːms) : semantic 立 + phonetic 占 ‎(OC *ʔljem, *tjems). A relatively late character – not found in Shuowen; found in Guangyun.

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

"To stand": A Northern Chinese word attested since the 9-10th centuries. Displaced earlier 立 (lì) in most modern northern Chinese varieties.

Definitions

站

1. to stand

   站起來 / 站起来  ―  zhànqǐlái  ―  stand up

2. to stop, to halt
3. (figuratively) to take a firm stance; to uphold the stand

Synonyms

Etymology 2

Generally considered to be a Mongolian influence in the Yuan Dynasty – an abbreviation of 站赤 (“post stations during the Yuan Dynasty”), from Middle Mongolian ᠵᠠᠮᠴᠢ ‎(ǰamči, “post station”) (> Mongolian замч ‎(zamč, “guide; cicerone”)), a derivative of Middle Mongolian ᠵᠠᠮ ‎(ǰam, “way, path”) (> Mongolian зам ‎(zam)).

Mongolian ǰam is undoubtedly cognate with Proto-Turkic *jam ‎(“post station”) (> Turkish yam; ~ Russian ям ‎(jam)) with the same meaning; see Yam (route). Starostin considers the Turkic form a descendant of Proto-Altaic *ńi̯àmi ‎(“trace”) and related to Proto-Mongolian *ǯim ("path, trace"; > Mongolian ᠵᠢᠮ ‎(ǰim) / жим ‎(žim)). Also compare Turkish yamçı ‎(“post rider”), Russian ямщи́к ‎(jamščík, “drive, coachman”).

There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese "to stand > stand > station" → Middle Mongolian → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official.

In Chinese, this word has been competing with the native equivalent 驛 (yì, “post station”) since its introduction. Mongol-ruled Yuan Dynasty saw the profusion of use of zhàn, which was deliberately suppressed in the succeeding Ming Dynasty in favour of yì. Both were used in the subsequent Qing Dynasty, with zhàn eventually predominating in the modern times, being used to render the sense of "station" in modern concepts, such as "train station". Other Sinosphere countries show preference variations too: Vietnamese uses 站 (trạm), whereas Japanese and Korean still use 驛 for "station" (Japanese 駅 (えき, ​eki), Korean 역 (驛, yeok)).

Definitions

站

1. post station; relay station
2. station; stand

   火車站 / 火车站  ―  huǒchēzhàn  ―  railway station

3. Short for 網站／网站 (wǎngzhàn, “website”).

   站長 / 站长  ―  zhàncháng  ―  sysop

   B站  ―  B-zhàn  ―  Bilibili

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On: たん (tan)
• Kun: たつ (tatsu), たたずむ (tatazumu), うまつぎ (umatsugi)

Korean

Hanja

站 • ‎(cham) (hangeul 참, McCune-Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

站 (trạm, trậm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.