Definify.com
Definition 2025
葉
葉
Translingual
Han character
葉 (radical 140 艸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿心廿木 (TPTD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹枼)
References
- KangXi: page 1044, character 3
 - Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31387
 - Dae Jaweon: page 1504, character 18
 - Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3243, character 15
 - Unihan data for U+8449
 
Chinese
| trad. | 葉 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 叶 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (世) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 貰 | *ɦljebs, *hljebs | 
| 跇 | *l̥ʰebs, *lebs | 
| 迣 | *ʔljebs | 
| 世 | *hljebs | 
| 泄 | *lebs, *sled | 
| 枻 | *lebs | 
| 詍 | *lebs | 
| 靾 | *lebs | 
| 袣 | *lebs | 
| 抴 | *lebs, *led | 
| 呭 | *lebs | 
| 勩 | *lebs, *libs | 
| 屜 | *l̥ʰeːbs | 
| 鰈 | *l̥ʰaːb, *l'eːb | 
| 渫 | *zreːb, *sled | 
| 煠 | *zreːb, *l̥ʰeb, *leb | 
| 喋 | *rlaːb, *ʔl'eːb, *l'eːb | 
| 鞢 | *rlaːb, *sleːb | 
| 殜 | *l'eb, *leb, *lab | 
| 葉 | *hljeb, *leb | 
| 弽 | *hljeb, *hleːb | 
| 韘 | *hljeb, *sleːb | 
| 枼 | *leb | 
| 楪 | *leb | 
| 揲 | *leb, *l'eːb, *ɦljed | 
| 鍱 | *leb | 
| 偞 | *leb, *hleːb | 
| 蝶 | *l̥ʰeːb, *l'eːb | 
| 牒 | *l'eːb | 
| 蹀 | *l'eːb | 
| 諜 | *l'eːb | 
| 堞 | *l'eːb | 
| 牃 | *l'eːb | 
| 褋 | *l'eːb | 
| 惵 | *l'eːb | 
| 碟 | *l'eːb | 
| 屧 | *sleːb | 
| 屟 | *sleːb | 
| 紲 | *sled | 
| 齛 | *sled | 
| 疶 | *sled | 
| 緤 | *sled | 
| 媟 | *sled | 
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljeb, *leb) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb, “flat”).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lap (“leaf”). Cognate with Tibetan ལོ་མ (lo ma, “leaf”), Western Tibetan ལོབ་མ (lob ma, “leaf”). Related to 世 (OC *hljebs, “world”).
This is part of the word family *lVp meaning “flat”, represented by the phonetic component 枼 (OC *leb). Compare also 茶 (OC *rlaː, “tea < *leaf”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
 - Cantonese (Jyutping): jip6, sip3
 - Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ya̍p
 - Min Dong (BUC): iĕk
 - Min Nan (POJ): ia̍p / hio̍h
 - Wu (Wiktionary): hhiq (T5)
 
-  Mandarin
-  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
 - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
 - Wade-Giles: yeh4
 - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
 - IPA (key): /i̯ɛ⁵¹/
 -  
 
 
 -  (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
 -  Cantonese
-  (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jip6, sip3
 - Yale: yihp, sip
 - Cantonese Pinyin: jip9, sip8
 - IPA (key): /jiːp̚²/, /siːp̚³/
 
 
 -  (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
 -  Hakka
-  (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya̍p
 - Hakka Romanization System: iab
 - Hagfa Pinyim: yab6
 - IPA: /i̯ap̚⁵/
 
 -  (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya̍p
 - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iab
 - Hagfa Pinyim: yab6
 - IPA: /(j)i̯ap̚⁵/
 
 
 -  (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
 -  Min Dong
-  (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕk
 - IPA (key): /ieʔ⁵⁵/
 
 
 -  (Fuzhou)
 -  Min Nan
-  (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍p / hio̍h
 - Tâi-lô: ia̍p / hio̍h
 - Phofsit Daibuun: iap, hioih
 - IPA (Xiamen): /iap̚⁴/, /hiɤʔ⁴/
 - IPA (Quanzhou): /iap̚²⁴/, /hiɤʔ²⁴/
 - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iap̚¹²¹/, /hiɤʔ¹²¹/
 - IPA (Taipei): /iap̚⁴/, /hioʔ⁴/
 - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iap̚⁴/, /hiɤʔ⁴/
 - Note: ia̍p - literary; hio̍h - vernacular (substitute for 箬).
 
 
 -  (Hokkien)
 -  Wu
-  (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhiq (T5)
 - IPA (key): /ɦi̯ɪʔ¹²/
 
 
 -  (Shanghainese)
 
-  Dialectal data▼
 
| Variety | Location | 葉 | 
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iɛ⁵¹/ | 
| Harbin | /iɛ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ie⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /iə²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /iə⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /iɛ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /iɛ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /i⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ie¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /iə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /iɤ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /ie²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ie³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ie²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /iɛ³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ieʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /iɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /iəʔ²/ | 
| Pingyao | /iʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /iaʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦiɪʔ¹/ | 
| Suzhou | /ɦiəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦiəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ji²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ie²²/ | 
| Tunxi | /ia¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ie²⁴/ | 
| Xiangtan | /ie²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iɛʔ²/ | 
| Hakka | Meixian | /iap̚⁵/ | 
| Taoyuan | /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jip̚²/ | 
| Nanning | /jip̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jip̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /iap̚⁵/ | 
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ieʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | 
/t͡sia⁴²/  /xiɛ²⁴/  | 
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | 
/iap̚⁵/  /hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀  | 
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | 
/iap̚³/ 姓 /hio³³/ 訓箬  | 
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 葉 | 葉 | 
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 書 (26) | 
| Final (韻) | 葉 (155) | 葉 (155) | 
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | 
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | 
| Division (等) | III | III | 
| Fanqie | 與涉切 | 書涉切 | 
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang  | 
/jiᴇp̚/ | /ɕiᴇp̚/ | 
| Pan Wuyun  | 
/jiɛp̚/ | /ɕiɛp̚/ | 
| Shao Rongfen  | 
/jæp̚/ | /ɕjæp̚/ | 
| Edwin Pulleyblank  | 
/jiap̚/ | /ɕiap̚/ | 
| Li Rong  | 
/iɛp̚/ | /ɕiɛp̚/ | 
| Wang Li  | 
/jĭɛp̚/ | /ɕĭɛp̚/ | 
| Bernard Karlgren  | 
/i̯ɛp̚/ | /ɕi̯ɛp̚/ | 
| Expected Mandarin Reflex  | 
yè | she | 
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 葉 | 
| Reading # | 1/1 | 
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin)  | 
yè | 
| Middle Chinese  | 
‹ yep › | 
| Old Chinese  | 
/*l[a]p/ | 
| English | leaf | 
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: 					* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;  | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 葉 | 葉 | 
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 
| No. | 11557 | 11561 | 
| Phonetic component  | 
世 | 世 | 
| Rime group  | 
盍 | 盍 | 
| Rime subdivision  | 
2 | 2 | 
| Corresponding MC rime  | 
攝 | 葉 | 
| Old Chinese  | 
/*hljeb/ | /*leb/ | 
Definitions
葉
Synonyms
- (leaf): (Min) 箬
 
Compounds
  | 
  | 
  | 
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Goon: よう (yō), (historical) えふ (efu), しょう (shō) (non-Jōyō reading)
 - Kan’on: よう (yō), しょう (shō)
 - Kun: は (ha)
 - Nanori: よ (yo), わ (wa)
 
Compounds
Etymology 1

| Kanji in this term | 
|---|
| 葉 | 
| 
は Grade: 3  | 
| kun'yomi | 
/pa/ → /fa/ → /ha/
From Old Japanese.[1] Probably cognate with Old Japanese verb 生ゆ (hayu, “to sprout, to grow”) → modern 生える (haeru), and with 羽 (ha, “feather; wing”). Probably also cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”) from the way that both sprout and then later fall, and with 刃 (ha, “blade”) from similarities in shape.
Pronunciation
Noun
葉 (counter 枚, hiragana は, romaji ha)
Synonyms
- 葉っぱ (happa)
 
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | 
|---|
| 葉 | 
| 
よう Grade: 3  | 
| on'yomi | 
/epu/ → /efu/ → /eu/ → /yoː/
From Middle Chinese 葉 (yep, “leaf”).
Pronunciation
Noun
葉 (hiragana よう, romaji yō, historical hiragana えふ)
- leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
 - a season, an age: a shorter period of time within a longer one
 - an administration: the period of time during which a certain person holds a certain office
 
Counter
葉 (hiragana よう, romaji -yō, historical hiragana えふ)
References
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
 - 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
 
Korean
Hanja
葉 • (yeop, seop) (hangeul 엽, 섭, McCune-Reischauer yŏp, sŏp, Yale yep, sep)
-  This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text 
{{rfdef}}.