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Definition 2024
越
越
See also: 愈
Translingual
Han character
越 (radical 156 走+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土人戈女 (GOIV), four-corner 43805, composition ⿺走戉)
References
- KangXi: page 1216, character 28
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37110
- Dae Jaweon: page 1686, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3480, character 2
- Unihan data for U+8D8A
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
越 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (戉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 泧 | *qʰʷaːd, *kʰʷad, *ɢʷad |
| 眓 | *qʰʷaːd |
| 越 | *ɢʷaːd, *ɢʷad |
| 狘 | *kʰʷad |
| 戉 | *ɢʷad |
| 鉞 | *ɢʷad |
| 樾 | *ɢʷad |
| 怴 | *qʰʷrɯd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷaːd, *ɢʷad) : semantic 走 + phonetic 戉 (OC *ɢʷad).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
- Wade-Giles: yüeh4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
- IPA (key): /y̯œ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jyut6
- Yale: yuht
- Cantonese Pinyin: jyt9
- IPA (key): /jyːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ye̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: ied
- Hagfa Pinyim: yad6
- IPA: /i̯et̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iad
- Hagfa Pinyim: yad6
- IPA: /(j)i̯at̚⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oa̍t
- Tâi-lô: ua̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: oat
- IPA (Xiamen): /uat̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /uat̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /uat̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /uat̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /uat̚⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 越 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /yɛ⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /yɛ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ye⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /yə²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /yə⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ye²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /yɛ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /yu⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ye¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /yə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /yɤ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /ye²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ye³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ie²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /iɛ³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /yeʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /yɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /yʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /yaʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai |
/ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦyəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦyəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /jy²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ue²²/ |
| Tunxi | /yɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ye²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /yæ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /yɵʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iat̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒet̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jyt̚²/ |
| Nanning | /yt̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jyt̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /uat̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /uoʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /uɛ²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /uak̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/zuak̚³/ 超～ /zuak̚⁵/ ～過 |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 越 | 越 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 月 (68) | 末 (64) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 王伐切 | 戸括切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦʉɐt̚/ | /ɦuɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦʷiɐt̚/ | /ɦʷɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣiuɐt̚/ | /ɣuɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦuat̚/ | /ɦwat̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣiuɐt̚/ | /ɣuɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣĭwɐt̚/ | /ɣuɑt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/i̯wɐt̚/ | /ɣuɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yuè | huó |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 越 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yuè |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hjwot › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɢ]ʷat/ |
| English | pass over |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 越 | 越 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16330 | 16333 |
| Phonetic component |
戉 | 戉 |
| Rime group |
月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
活 | 越 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɢʷaːd/ | /*ɢʷad/ |
Etymology 1
Definitions
越
- to go over; to climb over; to jump over
- 翻山越嶺 / 翻山越岭 ― fānshānyuèlǐng ― to pass over mountains ridges
- (of time) to pass; to go through
- (figuratively) to go outside of ...; to exceed; to surpass
- 超越 ― chāoyuè ― to surpass
- 越界 ― yuèjiè ― to overstep a boundary
- (Min Nan) to turn, to turn around
- 越頭 / 越头 [Min Nan] ― oa̍t-thâu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to turn one's head
- more; -er
Etymology 2
Related to 粵 (“Yue; Cantonese”).
Definitions
越
- The Yue or Viet, ancient non-Han tribes in Southern China and Northern Vietnam.
- (historical) Short for 越國 (“The State of Yue, an ancient state in southern China”).
- Short for 越南 (“Vietnam”).
- Alternative term for 浙江 (“Zhejiang province, China”).
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 越
Japanese
Kanji
越
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Readings
- Goon: えち (echi), おち (ochi)
- Kan’on: えつ (etsu)
- On (unclassified): かつ (katsu)
- Kun: こえる (koeru), こす (kosu)
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
越 • (wol, hwal)
Eumhun:
- Name (hangeul): 넘을()
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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